电导率日夜不均匀性对磁层-电离层电场耦合过程的影响

本文用随时间变化的对流模式,讨论了电导率日夜不均匀性对磁层-电离层耦合过程及大尺度场向电流日变化形态的影响,以Senior-Blanc随时间变化的简单模式为基础,计入电导率日夜变化加以发展,对驱动势随时间变化为阶梯函数的情况进行了讨论。修正模式表明电导率日夜不均匀性对磁层-电离层弛豫过程产生影响,在不同地方时,二区场向电流发展状况不同,达到平衡时间也各异。在某些条件下,中午前后甚至可能达不到平衡。模式计算给出的电位及场向电流图象与观测基本特点相符。这说明S-B模式反映了电场耦合中的主要物理过程,也表明电离层电导率日夜变化的调制作用。     

可变网格的有限单元分析在边坡稳定计算中的应用

本文在非线性有限单元法的基础上，引进八节点的狭长单元来描述边坡中的滑动面，同时对于有限元单元网格可调节点坐标进行变更形成新的网格，于是利用原有基本网格架，通过多次有限元分析求出边坡中可能滑动面的稳定系数曲线Ｋ＝ｆ（），并进而确定最危险的滑动面，在此基础上开展一系列稳定分析工作。     

Passive seismic response controlled high-rise building with high damping device

This paper describes a feasibility study on a high-damping device (HiDAM) installed in a building structure by way of a bracing mechanism. A seismic response analysis with respect to a high-rise building approximately 100 m high is reported. Proper adjustment of the damping coefficient of the HiDAM (oil damper) provided an over all damping factor of about 10–20 per cent to the building structure, and reductions in the response, deformation and shear forces were verified analytically. This paper reports also the performance confirmation tests conducted on a model device of the HiDAM which satisfied the specifications determined from the analytical results. The test results demonstrate the feasibility of the HiDAM and the possibility of utilizing it in high-rise buildings.     

Field survey of the 1994 Mindoro Island,Philippines tsunami

This is a report of the field survey of the November 15, 1994 Mindoro Island, Philippines, tsunami generated by an earthquake (M=7.0) with a strike-slip motion. We will report runup heights from 54 locations on Luzon, Mindoro and other smaller islands in the Cape Verde passage between Mindoro and Luzon. Most of the damage was concentrated along the northern coast of Mindoro. Runup height distribution ranged 3–4 m at the most severely damaged areas and 2–4 in neighboring areas. The tsunami-affected area was limited to within 10 km of the epicenter. The largest recorded runup value of 7.3 m was measured on the southwestern coast of Baco Island while a runup of 6.1 m was detected on its northern coastline. The earthquake and tsunami killed 62 people, injured 248 and destroyed 800 houses. As observed in other recent tsunami disasters, most of the casualties were children. Nearly all eyewitnesses interviewed described the first wave as a leading-depression wave. Eyewitnesses reported that the main direction of tsunami propagation was SW in Subaang Bay, SE in Wawa and Calapan, NE on Baco Island and N on Verde Island, suggesting that the tsunami source area was in the southern Pass of Verde Island and that the wave propagated rapidly in all directions. The fault plane extended offshore to the N of Mindoro Island, with its rupture originating S of Verde Island and propagating almost directly south to the inland of Mindoro, thereby accounting for the relatively limited damage area observed on the N of Mindoro.     

Eigen oscillation of a fluid sphere and source mechanism of harmonic volcanic tremor

The eigen oscillation of a fluid sphere embedded in an infinite elastic medium is analyzed to understand the source mechanism of volcanic tremor that vibrates nearly monotonically and attenuates slowly. The dimensionless eigen frequencies of the sinusoidal oscillation are calculated in a complex form with the attenuation factor in its imaginary part for various combinations of the three parameters: the contrasts of P-wave velocity, density and rigidity between the fluid and the country rock. Eigen oscillations consist of a high attenuation mode with a rapidly decaying pulsive wave at a low frequency and infinite number of regular modes with slowly decaying vibrations. For regular modes, the frequency of oscillation obtained from the real part of an eigen value is distributed in approximately regular intervals while the attenuation factor from the imaginary part is almost constant independent of the mode. Each eigen frequency of regular and high attenuation modes is degenerated with two independent eigen functions describing different distributions of displacement, velocity and stress. The theory is applied to harmonic volcanic tremor observed at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, central Japan. Observed spectral peaks of the tremor are explained by the eigen frequencies and attenuation factors of several lowest regular modes if the spherical fluid oscillator has a radius of dozens of meters and a P-wave velocity of about several hundred meters per second.     

多旋回成矿论

本文提出构造-成矿旋回的概念,将中国的构造成矿旋回划分为11个,即阜平前、阜平、五台、吕梁、武陵、晋宁、加里东、海西、印支、燕山、喜马拉雅。地壳三类基本的构造运动引起三种成岩作用,表现为三类成矿作用为褶皱-变质成矿作用、断裂-岩浆成矿作用和振荡沉积成矿作用。文中简述了与各类成矿作用有关的各类矿产分布情况、多旋回成矿作用的特点、时空分布的一致性,主要成矿元素有规律的演化序列,并就与多旋回成矿作用关系密切的五个问题进行了讨论。     

爆炸地震深部探测的模拟磁带记录系统

为了进行西藏高原地区的爆炸地震研究,研制了一套模拟磁带记录系统。每台仪器包括三个两周的拾震器（LS-1型）、三个相应的低噪声线性放大器（DDF-5型）、三个调制器、一台低频磁带记录器（DCJ-1型）、石英钟、对时器和收音机。仪器频率范围是2周-20周（对速度）,时间误差小于0.1秒。采用抖动补偿和频率滤波的办法,使系统的信噪比提高到50分贝。系统的幅度误差小于10％。经过野外实地观测和资料整理分析,证明其性能和指标能够满足地壳与上地幔爆炸地震研究的需要。通过模/数转换器,把模拟磁带转录成数字磁带,可以在电子计算机上进行各种数字处理。     

直接余震和间接余震

本文考察了1966年邢台大震后我国大陆上（只限东部地区,不包括台湾省）25个6级以上地震的余震序列,指出这些序列主震后三天内余震数量集中,衰减迅速,衰减规律与其后的余震有所区别;且这部分余震在时间上控制着以后余震的发展,在空间上已经大体勾划出余震区。根据这些特征,可把余震分为直接余震和间接余震两类。文中分析了直接余震的特点,统计了间接余震与直接余震的关系,并提出根据直接余震特点来估计间接余震,预报序列发展的想法。文中还初步探讨了直接余震和间接余震的物理机制。     

方差分量估计方法在ERS—2卫星精密定轨中的应用

将方差分量估计（VCE）方法应用于ERS－2卫星的精密定轨,用SLR和PRARE资料计算了1998年前3个月的23个长度为5天的弧段（除了调整轨道的时段外,相邻弧段有两天的重叠）,从观测值残差分析和重叠弧段比较两个方面,考察VCE方法对定轨计算的影响,并给出了各组观测值的平均验后均方差,对观测值残差的分析表明,使用VCE方法明显地改善了观测值的拟合程度,但从阿卑（Abbey)标准对观测值残差的检验结果来看,使用VCE方法不能消除轨道中由力学模型和几何模型误差引入的系统差,重叠弧段比较的结果表明：（1）使用VCE方法缩小了重叠弧段的平均距离差,并改善了一部分权段明显不合理的偏离,使最后得到的轨道具有更均匀的精度,（2）相比较而言,VCE方法使相邻弧段靠拢的趋势在轨道切向体现得较为明显,由各组观测值的平均验后方差可见,说单个标准点观测值而言,部分SLR台站的观测资料在定轨计算中占有比其他观测资料更重的地位,纵观全文,使用VCE后得到的观测值的平衡验后均方差来确定资料的双重将比使用均方差更为合理。     

西藏易贡崩塌——滑坡—泥石流的地质地貌与运动学特征

2000年4月9日19时59分18.2秒,在西藏自治区波密县境内易贡乡发生了特大崩塌—滑坡—泥石流。构造上它发生在印度板块阿萨姆楔入角复合地带的西侧,也是高原腹地向东侧山地下降的过渡带,重力作用明显。根据便携式GPS定位仪实地测定和滑坡前后的卫星影像分析,崩塌—滑坡—泥石流堆积物形成了一座长约5.7km、宽约1.5km的“天然大坝”,完全堵塞了易贡藏布河干流,崩塌滑坡体总方量超过3.8×10~8m~3。根据区域地震台网的记录,其振动持续的时间为6min,其中最大振幅的持续时间为2min。震相分析表明有3组较为明显的震相,对应着3次较大的地表振动。计算获得崩塌滚落的平均速度约为48m/s,伴随崩塌滚落的同时,滑坡泥石流的平均滑动速度也达到了16 m/s,比一般泥石流流动速度要大一倍。