Variation of stress during the rupture process of the 1995 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>L</Subscript>=4.1 Shacheng,Hebei, China,earthquake sequence

According to the rupture dynamics of earthquakes, variations of the apparent stress and the difference between the static stress drop and the dynamic stress drop during the rupture of earthquakes are analyzed for the July 20, 1995 M _L=4.1 Shacheng, Hebei, China, earthquake sequence. Results obtained show that the apparent stress for main-shock is about 5 MPa, and the average apparent stress for aftershocks 0.047 MPa. During the rupture of the main-shock, the dynamic stress drop is approximately 1.6 times greater than the static stress drop with the difference of nearly 2.7 MPa. The dynamic stress drop is less than the static stress drop for all aftershocks with the average difference of ?0.75 MPa. Therefore, when the mainshock occurs the final stress on the focal fault is higher than the dynamic frictional stress, corresponding to that the fault is abruptly locked. When the aftershocks occur the final stress on the focal fault is lower than the dynamic frictional stress, corresponding to that the fault overshoots. It can be seen from the above results that there could be some differences in the physic processes between the mainshock and the aftershocks.     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷布达特群水力破裂的岩石学特征及其成因探讨

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷布达特群凝灰质泥岩中发育大量凝灰质泥岩角砾。岩芯及透射光显微镜观察发现,这是一种水力破裂体系中流体和岩石作用的产物一水压碎屑岩。水压碎屑岩的岩石学特征表现为：角砾之间具有可拼合性、岩芯横切面上发育大量“T”型垂直裂缝、微细纤维状铁白云石脉对壁生长。水力破裂作用的成因主要与布达特群岩性组合特征、构造-流体作用有关。     

海底热流长期观测系统研制进展

浅海和俯冲海沟等海域,不仅是矿产和油气资源主潜力区,也是构造地震频发区,其浅表热流和深部温度信息对于了解板块俯冲和岩浆活动等过程至关重要.这些区域浅层地温场和热流场受到底水温度波动(BTV)强烈扰动,其背景热流需由长期观测来获取.在全面分析了国内外海底热流长期观测技术特点后,我们提出了系缆式海底热流长期观测方案,201...     

大别山地区黄山松和油松树轮宽度的气候意义

本文基于2010年采自大别山地区黄山松、油松树轮资料分别建立了树轮宽度标准年表,利用相关函数检验了年表与附近的麻城气象站1959-2009年月平均最高气温、月平均气温、月平均最低气温和月降水量之间关系,旨在探讨黄山松、油松树轮宽度的气候意义。研究结果显示,平均敏感度、标准差、信噪比等统计量黄山松年表均高于油松年表,表明黄山松年表较油松年表包含更多的气候信息,具有更高的树轮气候学研究价值。黄山松径向生长主要受当年2-7月平均气温限制,任何月份及月份组合降水量对黄山松径向生长的限制作用均不显著;油松径向生长主要受当年5-6月降水总量限制,任何月份及月份组合气温对油松径向生长的限制作用均不显著。研究表明,在中国亚热带暖湿地区,气候要素的年际变化亦可对部分树种径向生长具有较强的限制作用,树木年轮宽度的变化对气候具有指示意义。研究结果将进一步弥补中国亚热带暖湿地区树轮宽度年表的不足,为树轮气候重建研究提供参考和依据。     

LAPS分析场在一次强对流天气过程尺度分析中的应用

利用LAPS（local analysis and prediction system）同化系统融合多种观测资料,对2010年8月25日发生在上海的一次强对流天气过程进行中尺度分析。结果表明,这次强对流天气主要是由中、低空中尺度辐合系统直接触发形成的。强对流形成阶段,地面有分散辐合形成并逐渐加强,成为触发中尺度垂直环流的主要机制,垂直结构上出现低层辐合高层辐散的有利配置,风暴中心附近出现明显的上升气流区,中高层相对湿度显著增加。成熟阶段,强对流云体中心附近的对流层底层开始出现下沉气流,上升气流在其拖曳作用下明显倾斜。衰减阶段,下沉气流加强使中尺度环流动力结构和水汽供应受到破坏,垂直结构上转为底层辐散高层辐合。因此,与天气尺度分析相比,基于LAPS的中尺度分析能更深刻地揭示中小尺度系统的三维结构和时空演变特征。     

黑龙江省短时暴雨天气分型及雷达回波特征

通过统计黑龙江省2005～2006年260个短时暴雨样本,结合天气图和雷达图进行分析,对黑龙江省短时暴雨分类,并总结出不同天气形势下短时暴雨的雷达回波特征.     

基于5分钟雷达资料降水估测模型的比较

For the Z-R relationship in radar-based rainfall estimation, the distribution of corresponding R values for a given Z value （or the corresponding Z value for a given R value） may be highly skewed. However, the traditional power-law model is physically deduced and fitted under the normal-distribution presumption of radar wave echoes associated with a rain rate value, and it may not be very appropriate. Considering this problem, the authors devised several generalized linear models with different forms and distribution presumptions to represent the Z-R relationship. Radar-reflectivity scans observed by a CINRAD/SC Doppler radar and 5-minute rainfall accumulation recorded by 10 ground gauges were used to fit these models. All data used in this study were collected during some large rainfalls of the period from 2005 to 2007. The radar and all gauges were installed in the catchment of the Yishu River, a branch of the Huaihe River in China. Three models based on normal distribution and a dBZ presumption of gamma distribution were fitted using maximum-likelihood techniques, which were resolved by genetic algorithms. Comparisons of estimated maximized likelihoods based on assumptions of gamma and normal distribution showed that all generalized linear models （GLMs） of presumed gamma distribution were better fitted than GLMs based on normal distribution. In a comparison of maximum-likelihood, the differences between these three models were small. Three error statistics were used to assess the agreement between radar estimated rainfall and gauge rainfall： relative bias （B）, root mean square error （RMSE）, and correlation coefficient （r）. The results showed that no one model was excellent in all criteria. On the whole, the GLM-based models gave smaller relative bias than the traditional power-law model. It is suggested that validations conducted in many previous works should have been made against a specific criterion but overlooked others.     

雷达遥感图像分类新技术发展研究

总结了雷达遥感图像分类技术的发展过程,指出新的分类技术正朝着采用新特征(如雷达极化信息与干涉信息、多参数极化干涉信息、多时相信息、DEM与地理信息等),应用新理论(如小波理论、分形理论、模糊理论),设计新算法(如改进的最大似然法、上下文分类法、改进的神经网络分类算法等)的方向发展.     

巨厚灰岩油藏中隔夹层与高渗层成因与发育规律 ——以伊拉克H油田Mishrif组为例

隔夹层和高渗层是影响油田开发效果的重要因素.以伊拉克H油田Mishrif组为例,基于岩心和测井资料,在渗透率控制因素分析的基础上,研究了隔夹层和高渗层的成因类型与发育规律,并探讨了对油田开发的指导意义.Mishrif组生物碎屑灰岩渗透率与岩石结构、孔隙类型和成岩改造密切相关,受沉积和成岩作用的共同控制.隔夹层包括隔层、...     

新的震级国家标准在陕西地震台网的应用

选取陕西地震台网及邻省共享台站记录到的2008年5月至2021年5月104次地震资料,应用新的震级国家标准GB 17740—2017《地震震级的规定》得到新国标震级。研究表明：①新的地方性震级M_L比原规范的M_L震级系统偏大0.3左右,这主要是二者的量规函数不同造成的;②宽频带面波震级M_{S （BB）}和矩震级M_W震级基本一致,无系统偏差,大多数地震震级偏差为-0.1—0.1;③宽频带面波震级M_{S （BB）}比面波震级M_{S （CENC）}整体偏小0.2,二者之间存在系统偏差;④绝大多数地震的面波震级M_{S （CENC）}比M_W偏大0.2—0.3,二者之间存在系统偏差。