川西地区有机流体包裹体的特征分析及其地质意义

在对川西地区成岩作用深入研究的基础上,应用激光拉曼探针、显微冷热台和荧光显微分析等技术,对有机流体包裹体的物理相态、化学组成、均一温度和盐度进行了观察和测试。通过对测试结果的对比分析,并结合区域埋藏史研究,将该地区须家河组储层中流体包裹体划分为4个形成期次,并以其为依据,对须家河组的油气运移和演化特征进行了探讨。同时指出了沙溪庙组的高温、高盐度有机包裹体的形成是由于下部流体的跨层涌入所致。     

小秦岭金矿集中区深部第二富集带预测的构造叠加晕模型

论述了小秦岭的文峪、秦岭和东桐峪3个特大型典型石英脉型金矿床的构造叠加晕的共性,建立了小秦岭石英脉型金矿床深部第二富集带预测的构造叠加晕理想模式,确定了矿区深部盲矿预测标志,并取得了好的找矿效果。     

松辽盆地深层火山岩储层的埋藏烃类充注成岩时空演化过程

目前国内对火山岩成岩作用的研究基本停留在定性的静态研究阶段。与盆地埋藏热史烃类充注史构造演化史相应的火山岩储层的成岩孔隙时空动态演化过程方面的研究依然缺乏。各类薄片显微镜下火山岩中原生矿物、次生矿物、孔隙类型等的精细研究与定量统计,利用图像孔喉分析、物性测试、X 射线衍射分析、扫描电镜观察、包裹体荧光、包裹体均一温度与激光拉曼探针成分分析等多种分析测试手段,对松辽盆地下白垩统营城组火山岩的成岩作用与成岩演化过程进行了深入研究,确立了火山岩的成岩油气充注序列,划分了成岩作用阶段;结合松辽盆地埋藏热演化史、烃类充注史、构造演化史,建立了与埋藏热演化史烃类充注史构造演化史地质时代相应的火山岩的成岩孔隙时空动态演化过程与模式,在此基础上讨论了火山岩的成岩作用与成岩演化过程对火山岩储集性能影响的机理。     

闪锌矿的Fe、Cd关系随其颜色变化而变化

闪锌矿是自然界常见的重要金属矿物,含有很多种杂质元素,其中Fe、Cd是闪锌矿最常见,也是最重要的杂质元素。普遍认为,闪锌矿中的Cd、Fe是类质同象取代了Zn。但是,笔者研究发现闪锌矿的Cd与Zn往往成正相关,与Fe呈负消长。说明闪锌矿的Cd类质同象置换主要不是Zn,而是Fe。而且,闪锌矿Cd与Fe的相关性随其颜色的改变而变化。深色闪锌矿的Cd与Fe呈负相关,褐色闪锌矿Cd与Fe既有负消长关系,又有正消长关系。浅色闪锌矿的Cd与Fe呈正相关的数量大增。暗色闪锌矿多形成于高温,Fe具有强烈置换Zn能力。随着形成温度下降,Fe交代Zn的能力不仅逐渐减弱,而且,闪锌矿晶格的Fe变得不稳定,而被释放出来,主要由Cd替代。浅色闪锌矿形成于低温,矿液结晶的后期。矿液中的Zn可能不能满足闪锌矿结晶对Zn的需求,就由离子参数相似的Cd2+和Fe2+替代。致使闪锌矿的Cd与Fe呈正相关,Cd和Fe与Zn负消长。     

西藏阿里札达盆地下更新统香孜组地层厘定与层序地层划分

根据札达盆地香孜组河湖相地层剖面的接触关系、沉积旋回、沉积体系和岩相岩性特征,可将札达盆地下更新统香孜组河湖相地层划分为2个沉积相、3个岩段。香孜组一、二岩段为一套砾岩夹砂岩的粗碎屑岩,属典型的冲（洪）积扇沉积物;第三岩段为砾岩与砂岩互层,属冰水冰缘相沉积。ESR法和古地磁法测年结果表明,札达盆地香孜组河湖相地层的形成时代为早更新世早期（2．68—1．36Ma）。札达盆地为一同生断陷盆地,在后期重新复活的过程中,盆地只经历了冲积体系域和水进体系域。冲积体系域形成于札达盆地早更新世早期重新复活层序发育的早、中期,水进体系域形成于札达盆地早更新世早期重新复活层序发育的晚期。     

Repeated Wildfires in the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation (Aalenian and Bajocian Ages) in Northwestern China

The coal-bearing strata in the southern Junggar Basin in northwestern China have recently attracted the attention of coal geologists. Its abundance of coal resources is of great interest as there is a potential of unlocking details about the palaeoclimatic information. Coal deposits have the capacity to record wildfire events, even those with inefficient combustions. To characterize wildfire events and palaeoclimatic history of the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation (Aalenian and Bajocian ages), 22 coal samples from borehole cores and coal mines in the southern Junggar Basin were collected and their macerals were analyzed. The results indicated that fusinite and semi-fusinite were the dominant components of inertinite with proportions of 35.27% and 54.67%, respectively. The presence of inertinite is an indicator that wildfires occurred at the time of peat land development, and the widespread occurrence suggests large scale wildfires during the Middle Jurassic. This study proposes a new parameter for the evaluation of wildfire features by combining burning frequency and burning temperature. The comprehensive evaluation index (CEI) was influenced by the lacustrine basin level and ancient plant types from a sequence framework. During the Middle Jurassic, most wildfires were surface fires with low level and ground fire with high level. High oxygen levels were estimated in the lower, middle, and upper members of the Xishanyao Formation with corresponding to 26.78%, 24.55%, and 23.55%, respectively. The high oxygen levels would be the primary cause of repeated wildfires in the Middle Jurassic. These results are helpful for understanding palaeoclimatic changes in the Middle Jurassic.     

华北北部二叠纪陆壳演化

目前围绕华北北部(包括华北克拉通北缘和北邻的兴蒙造山带)的二叠纪的构造背景存在着不同的认识。其中一种影响较大的观点是古亚洲洋的演化持续到二叠纪末-三叠纪初,由于大洋板块向华北克拉通之下的俯冲,导致克拉通北缘成为"安第斯型"大陆边缘。活动陆缘有从早期(C2)的板块俯冲-汇聚向晚期(P2-T1-2)板块拆离-陆缘伸展演变的趋势,论证多偏于岩浆作用。本文将从沉积建造、变形、变质、岩浆活动以及区域构造背景等角度对此观点进行讨论,本文将研究区晚古生代陆壳演化划分为三个阶段:(1)法门阶之前的中泥盆世是兴蒙造山带的主造山阶段;(2)晚泥盆-早石炭世进入后碰撞阶段;(3)晚石炭世-早二叠世兴蒙造山带的年轻陆壳在伸展背景下,上叠的新生性裂陷槽构造而非大洋板块控制了同期的沉积作用和岩浆活动。这三阶段的地质事件在华北克拉通北缘都有相应的表现。研究区深成岩同位素年龄显示了中-晚泥盆世、早二叠世和晚二叠世三个峰值。为了揭示岩浆的形成机制,本文重点对研究区早二叠世(280Ma)和晚二叠世(260Ma)深成岩的岩石组合和Sr-Nd同位素特征进行对比研究。R1-R2图显示本区二叠纪深成岩组合与以英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩为主的安第斯型造山带不同。早二叠世深成岩具双峰特征,Sr-Nd同位素显示早二叠世深成岩与EMI地幔源区有更密切联系。受到前人对高寺台原始岩浆研究的启发,进一步认识到华北克拉通北缘在早二叠世时存在板内OIB岩浆沿着岩石圈断裂的上涌的过程。相比之下,晚二叠世深成岩多为正长花岗岩和二长花岗岩,岩石碱性程度提高,中酸性岩石具高碱、高钾的特征。Sr-Nd同位素显示岩浆源区有向EMII演变的趋势,中-上部地壳熔融物质增多,暗示热活动带的上升。总之,从岩浆形成机制、岩浆源区演变的趋势和岩浆时空演化等诸多证据都表明:二叠纪深成岩的形成更多地与板内自身热演化有关,与安第斯型造山带有明显区别。兴蒙造山带属于中亚造山带的一部分,因此可以从更大的构造背景对它加以考察。中亚造山带存在8条晚古生代和中生代的过碱性-碱性长石花岗岩带,它们共同都伴有双峰式火山岩。构造岩浆岩带横贯数千千米,北东走向的构造带显示了新的构造格局,高εNd(t)和低εSr(t)的同位素特征,反映了伸展背景下裂谷带的反复多次活动。总体上,中亚造山带作为增生的年轻陆壳,与华北克拉通及塔里木地块等一起从早二叠世开始,进入了新阶段的演化。从大陆岩石圈形成过程的克拉通化角度看,中亚造山带晚泥盆世-早石炭世是碰撞后的第一阶段的克拉通化,晚石炭-早二叠世进入克拉通化的第二阶段,大规模的新生的带状伸展构造出现,标志着深部作用的重要性越来越明显。     

中国海洋药用生物濒危珍稀物种及其保护

首次对中国海洋药用生物濒危珍稀物种及其资源状况进行了调查和评价.结果显示,中国海洋药用生物及具有药用开发价值的海洋生物物种被列入濒危或保护物种的达235种,濒危比率达14.0%.极危物种9种,濒危物种112种,易危物种88种,近危物种5种,珍稀物种1种;其中,国家一级保护动物10种,国家二级保护动物44种.过度开发利用和海洋环境恶化是造成海洋野生药用生物濒危的主要原因.加强海洋自然保护区和海洋特别保护区的建设是保护海洋药用生物物种多样性和遏制资源衰退的有效途径.     

一株海绵共附生真菌Pleosporaceae sp.中甾体类化合物及其生物活性

在生物活性测定指导下,综合运用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析以及半制备HPLC等方法,从南海海绵Xestospongiatestudinaria来源的一株共附生真菌Pleosporaceae sp.发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离鉴定出5个甾体类化物,通过NMR,MS等波谱技术鉴定其结构分别为:(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(1),(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,9,22-trien-3β-ol(2),(22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol(3),ergosta-6α-hydroxy-4,22-dien-3-one(4),(22E)-5α-cholesta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol(5)。这些化合物均为首次从Pleosporaceae属真菌中分离获得。化合物1,4和5具有较强的卤虫Ar-temia salina致死活性,化合物1还显示强的抗藤壶Balanus amphitrite附着活性,其EC50为0.85μg/mL。     

南海北部深水区渐新-中新世沉积地球化学特征及物源演变

Geochemical and detrital zircon U-Pb dating data for drilled sediments from the Baiyun deepwater area of the northern South China Sea demonstrate a change of sedimentary sources from the Oligocene to the Miocene.Zircon ages of the pre-rift Eocene sequences are dominated by Yanshanian ages with various peak values(110–115 Ma for U1435 and L21; 150 Ma for H1), indicating local sediment supply from the pre-existing Mesozoic magmatic belt. For the Oligocene sediments in the northern part of the basin, the rare earth elements show different distribution characteristics, indicating sediment supply from the paleo-Zhujiang River(Pearl River), as also confirmed by the multimodal zircon age spectra of the Lower Oligocene strata in Well X28. By contrast, a positive Eu anomaly characterizes sediments from the western and southern parts of the basin, indicating potential provenances from intermediate to basic volcanic rock materials. The Baiyun Movement at the end of the Oligocene contributed to a large-scale subsidence in the deepwater area and also a northward retreat of continental shelf break, leading to deepening depositional environment in the basin. As a result, all the detrital zircon ages of the Upper Oligocene strata from Wells X28, L13, and L21 share a similar distribution, implying the possible control of a common source like the Zhujiang River. During the Miocene, whereas sediments in the northern area were mainly sourced from the Zhujiang River Delta, and those in the southern deepwater area continued to be affected by basic volcanic activities, the Dongsha Uplift could have contributed as the main source to the eastern area.