联合办刊是科技期刊走出困境的重要途径--以《灾害学》杂志为例

以《灾害学》杂志为例，论述了联合办刊的问题。实践证明，联合办刊是解决科技期刊办刊经费不足、发行量有限、稿源短缺等问题并使其走出困境、寻求发展的重要途径。     

2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震同震形变场特征的初步分析a

利用差分干涉雷达测量技术获取的宏观震中区的同震形变场，结合对地震活动性、震源机制、野外考察等资料分析，对昆仑山口西8.1级地震同震形变场特征进行了研究. 结果表明:宏观震中位于库赛湖东北侧，宏观震中区发震断层可分为两个形变中心区域，其中西段长约42 km，东段长约48 km，整个发震断层主破裂段长90 km；由干涉形变条纹分布格局可清楚地判断出发震断层的左旋走滑特征；断层两盘变形特征不同，南盘变形程度明显大于北盘；宏观震中附近最大斜距向位移量为288.4 cm，最小斜距向位移量为224.0 cm，宏观震中发震断层最大左旋水平位错为738.1 cm，最小地面左旋水平位错为551.8 cm.      

黄河水下三角洲沉积物强度变化原位测试研究

研究区位于1964～1976年黄河由刁口入海时形成的水下三角洲叶瓣上。1995年为石油开采在潮坪上构筑的交通设施对波浪形成良好的屏障。在屏障两侧各选一典型研究区，于1999年和2002年进行了大量对比性现场原位土工测试，探讨了波浪对黄河口沉积物的次生改造作用，结果表明：(1)较强的波浪荷载作用，不会提高海底沉积物的表层强度，只是导致不均匀程度随水动力作用的时间增长有所加大：(2)较强的波浪荷载作用，使得海底表层沉积物之下一定深度范围内土体强度提高，形成强度硬层：(3)海底沉积物强度沿着剖面线在平面上呈现周期性或间隔性变化。     

基于面向对象的空间目标3维交互式建模的设计

3维数据模型的建立是实现真3维GIS的一个核心问题。在充分分析现有3维数据模型的基础上，比较了传统模型的优缺点。针对空间目标建模的特点，设计了一种面向对象的3维数据模型。考虑到软件的实用性和可扩展性，着重论述了3维交互式设计及数据管理。     

Experimental study on reduction of U (Ⅵ) by an anaerobic bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens: Application to sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposits, China

An experimental study on reduction of U (Ⅵ) by anaerobic bacteria, Shewane//a putrefaciens, is first reported here in China. The experimental conditions were: 35℃ and pH =7.0-7.4, corresponding to a physicochemical environments in which the sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposit formed in Northwest China's Xinjiang. Bacteria adopted in the present experiment, Shewanella putrefaciens, occur extensively in natural environment. Our study shows that nano-crystal precipitates of uraninite quickly occurred on the surface of the cells within one week. It was found that the pitchblende was characterized by a random arrangement of uraninite nanocrystals (2-4 nm) in it, significantly different from natural pitchblende in which uraninite nanocrystals are arranged in order. Finally, a possible mechanism of uranium biomineralization by microorganisms in the deposits is discussed. Our investigation may supply a technical train of thoughts for bioremediation of nuclear-contaminated water environments and for underground dissolving extraction of the sandstone-hosted uranium ores.     

Biomineralization of Uranium: A Simulated Experiment and Its Significance

A simulated experimental reduction of U^v1 and the synthesis of uraninite by a sulfate-reducing bacteria,Desulfovibrio desulfuricans DSM 642, are first reported. The simulated physicochemical experimental conditions were:35℃, pH=7.0-7.4, corresponding to the environments of formation of the sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposits in Xinjiang, NW China. Uraninite was formed on the surface of the host bacteria after a one-week‘s incubation. Therefore, sulfate-reducing bacteria, which existed extensively in Jurassic sandstone-producing environments,might have participated in the biomineralization of this uranium deposit. There is an important difference in the orderdisorder of the crystalline structure between the uraninite produced by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and naturally occurring uraninite. Long time and slow precipitation and growth of uraninite in the geological environment might have resulted in larger uraninite crystals, with uraninite nanocrystals arranged in order, whereas the experimentally produced uraninite is composed of unordered uraninite nanocrystals which, in contrast, result from the short time span of formation and rapid precipitation and growth of uraninite. The discovery has important implications for understanding genetic significance in mineralogy, and also indicates that in-situ bioremediation of U-contaminated environments and use of biotechnology in the treatment of radioactive liquid waste is being contemplated.     

辽宁省鞍本地区铁尾矿资源现状及其开发利用

辽宁省的鞍山、本溪两市为我国重要的钢铁基地，各矿山长期生产遗留的铁尾矿问题越来越引起人们的重视，如污染环境、诱发地质灾害等，如何解决已成为地质、环保、水工界的关注。     

近年我国十大重要金属矿种找矿重大进展与成果

近年我国重要矿产资源勘查成果不断快速涌现。为服务矿产勘查进展长期动态跟踪与成果集成研究,2010~2014年,笔者依托原中国地质调查局发展研究中心承担的《重点成矿区带矿产勘查跟踪与成果集成》、《全国地质勘查进展分析》等项目,以铁、铜、铝、铅锌、金、钨、锡、钼、镍、锰等十大重要金属矿产勘查进展为主要研究对象,研究分析了勘查成果特征。     

Petrogenesis of Two Types of Archean TTGs in the North China Craton: A Case Study of Intercalated TTGs in Lushan and Non-intercalated TTGs in Hengshan

TTG(Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite) gneisses,a major component of Precambrian continental crust,play a significant role in understanding the process and mechanism of the crustal evolution in the early periods of the Earth. In terms of field occurrence,there are two kinds of Archean TTGs in the NCC(North China Craton): intercalated and non-intercalated TTGs. In this contribution,we make a comprehensive comparison of these two types of TTGs from the typical areas(Lushan and Hengshan) in the NCC with an aim to constrain their petrogenesis. The results suggest that they have similar mineral assemblages of Pl + Qtz + Bt ± Amp ± Kfs but different field appearances and geochemical compositions,thus probably reflecting different source materials and tectonic settings. Differences in the contents of characteristic elements,such as Sr,REE and HFSE,suggest that the nonintercalated TTGs in Hengshan were generated at deeper levels than those of intercalated TTGs in Lushan. Constraints from element contents and geochemical modeling results are consistent with derivation from dual sources involving both garnet amphibolite and rutile-bearing eclogite residues for the non-intercalated TTGs in Hengshan,whereas the compositions of intercalated TTGs in Lushan indicate that they were formed by partial melting with amphibolite to garnet-amphibolite residues. Moreover,accumulation of plagioclase is also required in the petrogenesis of intercalated TTGs in Lushan,at least for part of them. In addition,the non-intercalated TTGs in Hengshan display distinctly higher Mg O,Mg#,Cr and Ni values and lower SiO_2 average contents compared to the intercalated TTGs in Lushan. These features suggest that the former magma,at least a part,might have interacted with the mantle wedge during ascent. Considering all the above factors and in combination with the whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopic data,it is suggested that the non-intercalated TTGs in Hengshan were produced by partial melting of subducted slab contaminated by the overlying mantle wedge at deeper levels and high pressures,whereas the intercalated TTGs in Lushan were generated by melting of the thickened lower crust at lower pressures and shallower depths. The tectonic settings of the two types of TTGs shed new light on the growth of the NCC.