220KV高压变电所地面沉降预测方法研究

连云港220KV高压变电所因地面发生大面积的沉降,直接影响运营安全。为了探究地面沉降的规律性,指导生产实践,本文以土方量作为研究对象,对220KV高压变电所地面沉降规律进行研究。在沉降区域内较均匀地布设一些能反映地面沉降情况的观测点,测定这些观测点的平面坐标,再定期对其进行沉降观测,求得每期观测点的高程值,从而得各观测点的三维坐标。利用南方CASS绘图软件具有的土方量计算功能,计算出每期沉降观测数据所对应的土方量。以土方量作为研究对象,选用Gompertz模型、双曲线模型、Logistic模型和指数曲线模型,利用1 st0pt软件对土方量数据进行拟合,建立预测模型,对研究对象进行预测并进行精度评定。通过研究发现,该方法能较好地反映地面整体沉降情况,与目前只针对个别点的沉降情况来研究地面沉降变化规律相比,具有明显的优越性。     

基于升降轨ASAR的于田Ms 7.3级地震同震形变场信息提取与分析

升降轨干涉测量可以更好地反映地震同震形变场特征。利用欧空局ASAR数据通过二轨法差分干涉测量提取了新疆于田县Ms 7.3级地震升降轨同震形变场信息。结果显示:升轨同震形变场最大视线向(LOS)隆升形变量约+13.3 cm,沉降形变量约-83.9 cm;降轨同震形变场最大LOS向隆升形变量约+36.5 cm,沉降形变量约-66.5 cm。于田地震以NNE向正断层破裂为主,并伴随左旋走滑运动,西北盘为正断层破裂的上盘(沉降盘),东南盘为正断层破裂的下盘(隆升盘)。升降轨同震形变场存在一定差异,但其变化趋势与特征非常相似,其差异主要是由于两种不同观测模式所造成的。     

基于非等时距数据序列的高层建筑沉降预测

将泊松曲线引入到高层建筑的沉降预测分析中。采用牛顿插值平均法将非等时距数据转化成等时距数据,通过三段计算法求解模型系数,并结合高层建筑沉降监测工程实例计算分析,结果表明:泊松曲线预测与实际沉降数据吻合较好,拟合曲线精度较高,预测效果明显好于传统的双曲线法和指数曲线法,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

基于混合聚类的岩体结构面优势分组方法

提出一种基于凝聚层次法和模糊C均值法的混合聚类法,用于对岩体结构面的优势组划分。该方法将结构面投放到在单位球面上,并使用欧式距离作为极点的相似性度量准则。先剔除结构面数据中的孤值产状,然后用凝聚层次法得到初步聚类结果,并将其作为FCM法的初始聚类中心,最后用FCM法划分优势组。通对人工生成产状样本的分组,验证了该法的正确性。将该方法应用于大藤峡坝址区实测的结构面数据的划分。在实测数据中寻找到两个孤值产状,成功将大藤峡D1y^1-3地层岩体结构面划分为两组,得到了符合实际的分组结果。     

COSEISMIC DISPLACEMENT FIELD OF THE WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE DERIVED FROM STRONG MOTION RECORDS AND APPLICATION IN SLIP INVERSION

The development of high-rate GNSS seismology and seismic observation methods has provided technical support for acquiring the near-field real-time displacement time series during earthquake. But in practice, the limited number of GNSS continuous stations hardly meets the requirement of near-field quasi-real-time coseismic displacement observation, while the macroseismographs could be an important complement. Compared with high-rate GNSS, macroseismograph has better sensitivity, higher resolution(100~200Hz)and larger dynamic range, and the most importantly, lower cost. However, baseline drift exists in strong-motion data, which limits its widespread use. This paper aims to prove the feasibility and reliability of strong motion data in acquiring seismic displacement sequences, as a supplement to high-rate GNSS. In this study, we have analyzed the strong-motion data of Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake in Longmenshan fault zone, based on the automatic scheme for empirical baseline correction proposed by Wang et al., which fits the uncorrected displacement by polynomial to obtain the fitting parameters, and then the baseline correction is completed in the velocity sequence. Through correction processing and quadratic integration, the static coseismic displacement field and displacement time series are obtained. Comparison of the displacement time series from the strong motions with the result of high-rate GPS shows a good coincidence. We have worked out the coseismic displacement field in the large area of Wenchuan earthquake using GPS data and strong motion data. The coseismic displacement fields calculated from GPS and strong motions are consistent with each other in terms of magnitude, direction and distribution patterns. High-precision coseismic deformation can provide better data constraint for fault slip inversion. To verify the influence of strong-motion data on slip distribution in Wenchuan earthquake, we used strong motion, GPS and InSAR data to estimate the stress drop, moment magnitude and coseismic slip model, and our results agreed with those of the previous studies. In addition, the inversion results of different data are different and complementary to some extent. The use of strong-motion data supplements the slip of the fault in the 180km segment and the 270~300km segment, thus making the inversion results of fault slip more comprehensive. From this result, we can draw the following conclusions:1)Based on the robust baseline correction method, the use of strong motion data, as an important complement to high-rate GNSS, can obtain reliable surface displacement after the earthquake. 2)The strong motion data provide an effective method to study the coseismic displacement sequence, the surface rupture process and quick seismogenic parameters acquisition. 3)The combination of multiple data can significantly improve the data coverage and give play to the advantages of different data. Therefore, it is suggested to combine multiple data(GPS, strong motion, InSAR, etc.)for joint inversion to improve the stability of fault slip model.     

火电厂粉煤灰的矿物磁性及其环境意义

火电厂排放的粉煤灰是重要的大气颗粒污染物之一,利用粉煤灰的磁性监测环境污染是新近发展的新手段。应用矿物磁测技术和X射线衍射对浙江省主要电厂排放的粉煤灰的矿物磁性特征和磁性矿物学,以及与重金属元素的关系进行了研究,结果表明粉煤灰具有较高的磁化率（X）、软剩磁（IRM20mT）和饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）值,粉煤灰频率磁化率（Xfd）的平均值为2．5％,磁性矿物以多畴（MD）颗粒存在,粉煤灰的剩磁矫顽力（BCR）在42～53mT之间。矿物测试结合X射线衍射分析表明粉煤灰中的氧化铁矿物以FeO4和Fe2O3-α为主,粉煤灰的磁化率与Fe、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cu、CA含量呈显著线性正相关,相关系数（r）分别是0．924,0．866,0．725,0．756,0．945和0．867,磁化率可作为粉煤灰中重金属元素含量的代用指标。     

高温高压下辉石岩的电导率实验研究

使用YJ-3000t紧装式六面顶高压设备和1260阻抗／增益-相位分析仪,在1．0～4．0GPa和773～1134K下用阻抗谱法就位测定了辉石岩的电导率。实验结果表明,电导率对频率具有很强的依赖性;温度是决定辉石岩电导率的一个重要物理参数,电导率随着温度升高而增大,lgσ与I／T之间符合Arrenhius关系式;随着压力升高。电导率降低,活化焓和独立于温度的指前因子亦降低。     

几款全球海底地形模型比较分析

近几十年,随着卫星测高技术和相关数据精密处理技术发展,依托卫星测高技术业已成为快速获取全球海底地形数据的可靠手段,国内外相关组织机构已发布了一系列全球海底地形模型。整理评述了多款全球海底地形的基本情况,以及相互间的内在联系,包括DBDB系列模型、ETOPO系列模型、Sandwell系列模型、GEBCO系列模型、SRTM+系列模型、EARTH地形球谐系数模型、BAT_VGG模型、BAT_WHU2020模型、STO_IEU2020模型等。通过对全球海底地形模型的认识和梳理,以期为下一步全球海底地形模型高效、低成本构建提供方法参考。     

USE OF SEISMIC WAVEFORMS AND INSAR DATA FOR DETERMINATION OF THE SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE MAINLING MS6.9 EARTHQUAKE ON NOV.18, 2017

On November 18, 2017, a M_S6.9 earthquake struck Mainling County, Tibet, with a depth of 10km. The earthquake occurred at the eastern Himalaya syntaxis. The Namche Barwan moved northward relative to the Himalayan terrane and was subducted deeply beneath the Lhasa terrane, forming the eastern syntaxis after the collision of the Indian plate and Asian plates. Firstly, this paper uses the far and near field broadband seismic waveform for joint inversion (CAPJoint method)of the earthquake focal mechanism. Two groups of nodal planes are obtained after 1000 times Bootstrap test. The strike, dip and rake of the best solution are calculated to be 302°, 76° and 84° (the nodal plane Ⅰ)and 138°, 27° and 104° (the nodal plane Ⅱ), respectively. This event was captured by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)measurements from the Sentinel-1A radar satellite, which provide the opportunity to determine the fault plane, as well as the co-seismic slip distribution, and assess the seismic hazards. The overall trend of the deformation field revealed by InSAR is consistent with the GPS displacement field released by the Gan Wei-Jun's team. Geodesy (InSAR and GPS)observation of the earthquake deformation field shows the northeastern side of the epicenter uplifting and the southwestern side sinking. According to geodetic measurements and the thrust characteristics of fault deformation field, we speculate that the nodal plane Ⅰ is the true rupture plane. Secondly, based on the focal mechanism, we use InSAR data as the constraint to invert for the fine slip distribution on the fault plane. Our best model suggests that the seismogenic fault is a NW-SE striking thrust fault with a high angle. Combined with the slip distribution and aftershocks, we suggest that the earthquake is a high-angle thrust event, which is caused by the NE-dipping thrust beneath the Namche Barwa syntaxis subducted deeply beneath the Lhasa terrane.     

北海区海岛保护现状研究

海岛是壮大海洋经济的重要依托,是保护海洋环境、维护生态平衡的重要平台,北海区海岛对于北方地区经济发展和生态保护具有重要的意义。文章在对北海区海岛概况进行介绍的基础上,研究了北海区三省一市各级海岛管理部门在保护海岛生态环境、规范海岛开发秩序、改善海岛人居环境以及增强特殊用途海岛保护力度等海岛保护方面取得的进展,同时还分析了在北海区海岛保护中存在着海岛保护规范和制度不够健全、海岛管理业务化技术支撑体系建设进程缓慢、海岛及其周边生态系统相关研究不足、海岛保护与开发经费投入不足、公众海岛保护意识薄弱等问题。最后根据北海区海岛保护中存在的问题,提出了北海区海岛保护的改进建议。