Ecological consequences of dredged material disposal in the marine environment: a holistic assessment of activities around the England and Wales coastline

This study provides a holistic perspective on the ecological effects of dredged material disposal, both intertidally and subtidally. A number of numerical techniques (univariate, distributional, multivariate and meta-analysis) were used to assess impacts at 18 different disposal sites. The analyses revealed that ecological effects associated with dredged material disposal were dependent on the numerical techniques used, and that impacts were disposal-site specific. Disposal-site communities were generally faunistically impoverished to varying degrees, and impacts following intertidal placement were comparable to those of subtidal placement. We conclude that any assessment of the consequences of dredged material disposal to the coastal environment must take account of site-specific variation in prevailing hydrographic regimes and in ecological status, along with information on the disposal activity itself (mode, timing, quantity, frequency and type of material). As would be expected, variability in the latter presents a significant challenge in attempts to generalise about environmental and ecological impacts.     

Animating ground water levels with Excel

This note describes the use of Microsoft Excel macros (programs written in Excel's internal language, Visual Basic for Applications) to create simple onscreen animations of transient ground water data within Excel. Compared to many specialized visualization software packages, the use of Excel macros is much cheaper, much simpler, and can rapidly be learned. The Excel macro can also be used to create individual GIF files for each animation frame. This series of frames can then be used to create an AVI video file using any of a number of graphics packages, such as Corel PhotoPaint. The technique is demonstrated through a macro that animates changes in the elevation of a water table along a transect over several years.     

勘探地球物理学文献数据库

各种类型的专业数据库是建立信息高速公路、用计算机通讯网络实现资料共享的基础。该文介绍了勘探地球物理学文献数据库内容、结构及软件系统的特点。     

地电化学方法在勘探深部矿床中的一些实际应用

世界上对于利用地球化学方法寻找深部矿床的研究日益增加，这种研究建立在对土壤中各种元素的赋存状态进行分析的基础上。这篇文章中作者在２０年的实践基础上，讨论了地电化学方法的各种改正。     

多次覆盖的深地震反射剖面炮集产生的单边折射数据的模拟与反演：推导浅层速度结构的方法

地壳尺度多次覆盖的近垂直深地震反射剖面产生大量的单边炮集,因浅层折射波的交互覆盖而产生众多的数据集。我们介绍一种推导浅层速度结构的方法,该方法是通过模拟和反演单边地震折射初至走时数据来实现的。我们将该方法应用于在印度地盾西北新元古代马尔瓦尔盆地进行的炮检距为100m、长12km的剖面上获得的数据集。该方法表明,在描述浅层折射层深度、陡的倾角和速度方面是成功的,即使缺少常规的相遇折射剖面也如此。研究揭示出马尔瓦尔盆地的2层沉积建造、默拉尼火山岩和复杂基底地形,并测量出了所估算模型参数的分辨率和不确定性。发现近道选排的地震截面图在性质上与导出的盆地结构特征相一致。在布格重力剖面上观测到的相对高和低的异常进一步证实了导出的这一速度模型。本文提出的方法对那些只能获得单边、多次覆盖的地震剖面数据集的近海等地区是非常有用的。     

Development of macrofaunal communities on dredged material used for mudflat enhancement: a comparison of three beneficial use schemes after one year

In recent years, dredged material has become regarded as a potential resource and used to create and/or improve intertidal habitats ('beneficial use' schemes). This paper presents the results of a sampling programme to investigate the short-term macrofaunal recovery of three beneficial use schemes in south-east England in terms of species and functional diversity. Environmental parameters (sediment redox potential, and water, organic carbon and silt/clay contents) and univariate community attributes (total individuals and species, diversity, evenness and biomass) at the recharge sites had attained reference levels at two schemes while assemblages differed significantly in terms of species composition at all three schemes. While trophic group proportionality had re-established at one scheme, an increased grazer dominance was apparent at another while the proportion of sub-surface deposit feeders decreased at the third. Total individuals and species number of the developing communities were negatively correlated with sediment redox potential at 4 cm and % silt/clay, respectively. The implications of these results for monitoring the recovery of future fine-grained beneficial use schemes are discussed.