Antioxidative capacity and enzyme activity in Haematococcus pluvialis cells exposed to superoxide free radicals

The antioxidative capacity of astaxanthin and enzyme activity of reactive oxygen eliminating enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were studied in three cell types of Haematococcus pluvialis exposed to high concentrations of a superoxide anion radical (O₂⁻). The results show that defensive enzymes and astaxanthin-related mechanisms were both active in H. pluvialis during exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O₂⁻. Astaxanthin reacted with ROS much faster than did the protective enzymes, and had the strongest antioxidative capacity to protect against lipid peroxidation. The defensive mechanisms varied significantly between the three cell types and were related to the level of astaxanthin that had accumulated in those cells. Astaxanthin-enriched red cells had the strongest antioxidative capacity, followed by brown cells, and astaxanthin-deficient green cells. Although there was no significant increase in expression of protective enzymes, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in red cells was sustained at a low level because of the antioxidative effect of astaxanthin, which quenched O₂⁻ before the protective enzymes could act. In green cells, astaxanthin is very low or absent; therefore, scavenging of ROS is inevitably reliant on antioxidative enzymes. Accordingly, in green cells, these enzymes play the leading role in scavenging ROS, and the expression of these enzymes is rapidly increased to reduce excessive ROS. However, because ROS were constantly increased in this study, the enhance enzyme activity in the green cells was not able to repair the ROS damage, leading to elevated MDA content. Of the four defensive enzymes measured in astaxanthin-deficient green cells, SOD eliminates O₂⁻, POD eliminates H₂O₂, which is a by-product of SOD activity, and APX and CAT are then initiated to scavenge excessive ROS.     

六盘山区夏秋季大气水汽和液态水特征初步分析

六盘山区是中国典型的农牧交错带和生态脆弱带,也是黄土高原重要的水源涵养地、生态保护区及国家级扶贫开发区。利用2017年6-11月隆德气象站地基多通道微波辐射计资料,结合同期平凉探空站及隆德地面降水等观测资料,分析了六盘山区夏秋季大气水汽、液态水变化特征。结果表明：六盘山区夏秋季在降水天气背景下,大气水汽含量和液态水含量均较高,分别为无降水天气背景下的1.4倍和7.0倍;降水天气背景下水汽在5000 m以下有明显的增加,且在此高度范围内的水汽密度随高度的递减率比无降水天气背景下明显偏小;各高度层的液态水相比无降水天气背景下均有明显增大,除6月外,主峰值均出现在0℃层高度层以下。六盘山区夏秋季各月中,6-9月。大气水汽含量高值区均出现在正午到傍晚时段,低值区均出现在日出前后;液态水含量在日出前、午后及傍晚分别出现峰值,最明显的峰值出现在午后。对一次对流性降水天气过程分析后发现,降水发生前40 min大气水汽含量和液态水含量出现两次明显的跃增,水汽向上输送不断加强,2500-7500 m高度的相对湿度明显增大。     

碳酸盐岩洞穴型储层地震综合预测——以塔里木盆地古城低凸起三维区为例

塔里木盆地古城低凸起三维地震工区内的奥陶系碳酸盐岩埋藏深,非均质性强,且无钻井资料。重点对奥陶系鹰山组三段—四段白云岩的串珠状地震反射体进行地质诠释。采用均方根振幅属性预测了储层平面分布规律,应用缝洞雕刻技术预测了裂缝和串珠体发育区,运用相干、曲率属性预测了断裂、裂缝的分布,联合应用频率衰减梯度、低频能量、平均频率和吸收系数等手段进行了油气检测。通过对多种信息的综合分析,评价优选出有利勘探目标。基于上述工作部署的A井,在鹰山组三段灰质白云岩储层中获天然气勘探重大突破,证实了地震综合预测方法的有效性。     

中国天然气进口的空间格局分析

文章从中国发展低碳经济的需要出发,指出天然气是一种理想的高效清洁能源,是发展低碳能源的首选。通过分析中国天然气供不应求、世界天然气供过于求的市场现状,以及世界天然气资源的分布,提出中国从其周边国家进口天然气符合经济高效原则。中国从国外进口天然气主要有四条路线,即中亚输入通道;缅甸输入通道;俄罗斯输入通道;海上输入通道（重点分析了澳大利亚输入通道）。文章对此四条路线格局及其地缘优势进行了分析,认为中国天然气进口的空间格局已基本形成,这将对我国未来发展低碳经济和保护环境起重要的促进作用。     

基于数据分布域变换与贝叶斯神经网络的渗透率预测及不确定性估计

渗透率是储层评价和油气藏开发的关键参数.传统测井方法与常规机器学习方法估算的渗透率都是固定值.但由于测井数据本身存在噪声, 渗透率的预测结果可能受到噪声的影响出现测量性的随机误差(即任意不确定性); 同时, 当测试数据与训练数据存在差异时, 机器学习模型在预测渗透率时可能出现模型参数的不确定性(即认知不确定性).为实现渗透率的准确预测并量化两种不确定性对结果的影响, 本文提出基于数据分布域变换和贝叶斯神经网络同时实现渗透率预测及其不确定性的估计.提出方法主要包括两个部分: 一部分是不同域数据分布的相互转换, 另一部分是基于贝叶斯理论的神经网络渗透率建模预测和不确定性估计.由于贝叶斯神经网络存在数据分布的假设, 当标签的概率分布与网络的分布保持一致时, 贝叶斯神经网络可以更好的学习到数据之间的关系.因此通过寻找一个函数将一个原始域的渗透率标签转换为目标域的与渗透率有关的变量(我们称为目标域渗透率), 使得该变量符合贝叶斯神经网络的分布假设.我们使用贝叶斯神经网络预测目标域渗透率以及任意不确定性和认知不确定性.随后, 通过分布域的逆变换, 我们将目标域渗透率还原回原始域渗透率.应用本文方法到某油田的18口井的测井数据中, 使用16口井的数据进行训练, 2口井进行测试.测试井的预测渗透率与真实渗透率基本一致.同时, 任意不确定性的预测结果提供了渗透率预测值受到的测井数据噪声影响的位置.认知不确定的预测结果说明数据量少的位置具有更高的认知不确定性.我们提出的这一流程不仅显示了在储层表征方面的巨大潜力, 同时可以降低测井解释时的风险.

     

马兰黄土动强度及其微结构变化实验

黄土斜坡灾害已经成为黄土地区农村城镇化及交通建设的瓶颈,是当前地质灾害领域的研究热点.因震(振)动影响而降低黄土强度、改变黄土自身结构形态的研究是揭示黄土斜坡灾变机理的基础.基于GDS试验系统,采用应变控制等效正弦波逐级加载方式,进行马兰黄土动三轴试验;利用扫描电镜,观察马兰黄土试验前后微结构变化.试验结果表明:马兰黄...     

Magnetic Susceptibility in Surface Sediments in the Southern South China Sea and Its Implication for Sub-sea Methane Venting

In order to understand the characteristics of magnetic variability and their possible implication for sub-sea methane venting,magnetic susceptibility (MS) of 145 surface sediment samples from the southern South China Sea (SCS) was investigated.Magnetic particles extracted from 20 representative samples were also examined for their mineral,chemical compositions and micromorphology.Results indicate that MS values range between -7.73×10-8 and 45.06x10-8 m3/kg.The high MS zones occur at some hydrecarbon-bearing basins and along main tectonic zones,and low ones are distributed mainly within the river delta or along continental shelves.Iron concretions and manganese concretions are not main contributors for high MS values in sediments,while authigenic iron sulphide minerals are possibly responsible for the MS enhancement.This phenomenon is suspected to be produced by the reducing environment where the high upward venting methane beneath the seafloor reacts with seawater sulfate,resulting in seep precipitation of highly susceptible intermediate mineral pyrrhotite,greigite and paramagnetic pyrite.It suggests that MS variability is possibly one of the geochemical indicators for mapping sub-sea zones of methane venting in the southern SCS.     

吉林省数字化测震台网建设

“十五”期间吉林省地震局建成了由1个区域台网中心,36个数字化地震台站组成的测震观测台网和火山观测台网。应用SDH光纤实现数据实时传输,有效提高了吉林省区域地震监测、应急速报能力,填补了吉林省数字化测震台网的空白。     

山西义兴寨金矿流体包裹体的特征及意义

对山西省义兴寨金矿的流体包裹体进行了详细研究,测试样品为本区的花岗岩、花岗斑岩、多金属硫化物含金石英脉、黄铁矿含金石英脉、片麻岩和伟晶岩6种。研究发现有四个类型的流体包裹体:Ⅰ1,富液相气液包裹体、Ⅰ2富气相气液包裹体、Ⅱ含CO2包裹体和Ⅱ含NaCl子晶多相包裹体。在矿石样品中可见到沸腾包裹体群发育,沸腾机制是热液运移时遇到火山通道及断裂而产生的压力下降。含矿石英脉的包裹体与次火山岩脉的包裹体特征十分相似,说明二者的热液具同源性。     

重庆市南川区南部岩溶地下水水文地球化学特征

以重庆市南川区南部地区岩溶地下水为研究对象,通过野外调查和取样测试分析,对研究区内149件地下水样品进行水化学常规分析和微量重金属元素分析,结果表明:研究区内地下水化学类型以HCO 3-Ca·Mg、HCO 3-Ca和HCO 3-SO 4-Ca型为主.地下水中主要阴阳离子HCO-3、SO 2-4、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度均表现出与含水岩组相对应的关系,即碳酸盐岩类岩溶水>碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩水>碎屑岩水.地下水中Mg2+/Ca2+摩尔比值表明研究区内绝大部分地下水径流过程中以方解石和白云石的共同溶解为主.地下水中微量重金属元素含量整体偏低,绝大部分水质都在Ⅲ类水标准以内,只有极个别点受到污染导致部分重金属组分偏高.