Genetic Programming Approach for Predicting Surface Subsidence Induced by Mining

INTRODUCTIONThe study of surface subsidence resulting fromunderground mining holds significance in view ofbeneficial effects on national economy and people’sliving conditions.As is known,a large quantity ofminerals need to be exploited for modernization con-struction.Mining leads to surface subsidence,someunderground engineering and production facilities aredestroyed accordingly,which blocks the developmentof production and retards people’s living standard.To solve this contradiction,su…     

竖向高荷载作用下大直径超长钻孔灌注桩承载性能试验

通过机场—西华高速大直径超长钻孔灌注桩大吨位竖向单桩静载试验,分析了该地区大直径超长钻孔灌注桩的承载性状以及荷载传递机理。试验结果表明:试桩的Q-S曲线呈缓变型,桩端承载力占总荷载的比例均<10%,即均表现为摩擦桩特性;试桩的侧摩阻力自上而下逐步发挥,侧摩阻力和桩端阻力异步发挥且互相耦合;大直径超长钻孔灌注桩桩侧摩阻力的发挥与土层性质、土层埋深及桩顶荷载水平有关;在高荷载作用下桩侧上部土层摩阻力具有不同程度的软化现象,而中下部土层侧摩阻力具有不同程度的强化现象,甚至即使在最大加载情况下,桩身下部土层的侧摩阻力也并未完全发挥,因此在根据规范计算超长桩承载力时,不同深度土层的侧摩阻力应乘以相应不同的修正系数。     

新疆黄土分布规律及粉尘来源

通过新疆不同区域地形、黄土时空分布规律、物质组成等资料的对比,结合区域环流形势和沙尘天气的综合分析提出:不同黄土分布亚区,受不同的大气环流、局地环流和地形的作用,具有不同粉尘来源。南亚区主要来自塔克拉玛干沙漠,北亚区主要来自古尔班通古特沙漠,而形成西亚区黄土的粉尘主要来自中亚荒漠。     

Antioxidative capacity and enzyme activity in Haematococcus pluvialis cells exposed to superoxide free radicals

The antioxidative capacity of astaxanthin and enzyme activity of reactive oxygen eliminating enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were studied in three cell types of Haematococcus pluvialis exposed to high concentrations of a superoxide anion radical (O₂⁻). The results show that defensive enzymes and astaxanthin-related mechanisms were both active in H. pluvialis during exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O₂⁻. Astaxanthin reacted with ROS much faster than did the protective enzymes, and had the strongest antioxidative capacity to protect against lipid peroxidation. The defensive mechanisms varied significantly between the three cell types and were related to the level of astaxanthin that had accumulated in those cells. Astaxanthin-enriched red cells had the strongest antioxidative capacity, followed by brown cells, and astaxanthin-deficient green cells. Although there was no significant increase in expression of protective enzymes, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in red cells was sustained at a low level because of the antioxidative effect of astaxanthin, which quenched O₂⁻ before the protective enzymes could act. In green cells, astaxanthin is very low or absent; therefore, scavenging of ROS is inevitably reliant on antioxidative enzymes. Accordingly, in green cells, these enzymes play the leading role in scavenging ROS, and the expression of these enzymes is rapidly increased to reduce excessive ROS. However, because ROS were constantly increased in this study, the enhance enzyme activity in the green cells was not able to repair the ROS damage, leading to elevated MDA content. Of the four defensive enzymes measured in astaxanthin-deficient green cells, SOD eliminates O₂⁻, POD eliminates H₂O₂, which is a by-product of SOD activity, and APX and CAT are then initiated to scavenge excessive ROS.     

黑龙江省东部方正断陷内部格局的新认识及沉积-构造演化*

依据黑龙江东部方正断陷新的三维地震资料,重新厘定了其主干断层——伊汉通断层（FZ3）,发现该断层规模明显变大,对断陷的沉积-构造演化具有明显的控制作用。依据对伊汉通断层的新认识和FZ4、FZ5断层的发现,以及FZ6和FZ7断层的特征,确定方正断陷内部结构具有南北向（走向）分段、东西向（横向）分带的特点,并将方正断陷的沉积-构造演化划分成古近纪古新世—始新世的断陷期、始新世末的挤压隆起期、渐新世的差异沉降期和古近纪末期的挤压反转期4个阶段,指出东部凹陷埋藏深、面积大,是方正断陷新的油气勘探领域。     

小尺度地形引起的切变重力波

在大气边界层中,特别是山区的边界层中,经常可以观测到重力波的活动。例如Bull和Neisser分析了1974年4月至7月的2300时的微气压计记录。他们发现约38％的观测时间里都存在振幅至少为10—20 dPa的重力波活动,其中大多数重力波的振幅为25—70 dPa。由于风速切变和温度层结的不同,重力波引起的垂直位移的大小可能为百米,也可能达到整个夜间边界层厚度的量级。 很多大气活动都可能引起重力波,例如锋面、低空急流、局地风切变、逆温及强对流等等。地形特别是在夜间也是产生重力波的重要来源。当稳定度随高度急剧减少或风速随高度急剧增加时,在山脊的背风坡经常可以发现一系列的波动活动。     

新疆库车地区秋里塔格构造带成因分析

秋里塔格构造带位于库车前陆逆冲带前锋,区域构造位置介于库车坳陷三叠-侏罗系烃源岩生排烃中心与塔北前缘隆起带之间,第三系广泛分布两套膏盐岩层,发育多套储盖组合和复杂的构造样式,石油地质条件非常优越.本文在分析3个区带的变形特征基础上,探讨了盐上层和盐下层的构造成因,认为盐上层的构造成因与盐层的流动性有关,西段变形比东段强烈;盐下层构造成因东、西差异较大,东段与盐层的塑性变形无关,西段则受其影响.     

滇西马厂箐斑岩铜(钼)矿床成岩成矿时限的厘定

滇西马厂箐富碱侵入岩为一复式岩体,存在多期次岩浆侵入活动;最早岩浆活动始于52Ma,中期岩浆活动为42～47Ma,晚期岩浆活动最强烈,其时间为33～37Ma,末期岩浆活动为29～32Ma。马厂箐铜钼矿床早期成矿发生在37～40Ma左右,晚期成矿大约在34—35Ma;与区域上其它与富碱侵入岩有关矿床的形成时间相当吻合。马厂箐矿床在时、空上与矿区富碱侵入岩关系密切,其成矿作用主要与晚期的岩浆侵入活动有关。     

教师在数字化测图教学实践中的主导作用

介绍在数字化测图实践中,各关键技术环节上教师的主导作用,总结了实践教学的经验和体会。     

浙江中生代浅成热液金银成矿作用的耗散结构模型

浙江中生代主要浅成热液金银矿床在蚀变-矿化过程中的一些物理化学特征参数(如T、P、St和ρ等)呈非线性的变化关系,其控制变量是P、T和PH值.推断条带(或环带)状构造的矿脉(石)是由减压沸腾作用造成的.据Drummond等(1985)沸腾的模拟计算和研究表明,[H+]浓度是决定沸腾热液中的Au、Ag等成矿元素命运的主要因素.因此,可以[H+]浓度(状态变量)作为序参量来反映成矿溶液中Au、Ag浓度的变化趋势;并建立其自组织过程的动力学方程与开放沸腾热液系统Au、Ag沉淀的耗散结构模型.