Atmospheric Correction of SeaWiFS Data for the Retrieval of Suspended Sediment in East China Coastal Waters

The data of SeaWiFS (Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor), installed on SeaStar, has been used to generate SSC (suspended sediment concentration) of complex and turbid coastal waters in China. In view of the problems of the SeaDAS (SeaWiFS Data Analysis System) algorithm applied to China coastal waters, a new atmospheric correction algorithm is discussed, developed, and used for the SSC of East China coastal waters. The advantages of the new algorithm are described through the comparison of the restdts from different algorithms.     

Induction of vitellogenin in vivo and in vitro in the model teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes): comparison of gene expression and protein levels

Quantification of the egg yolk precursor vitellogenin (VTG) in fish has become a standard technique to detect estrogenic effects of known chemicals and environmental samples. In the present study, we have analysed VTG induction by estradiol, ethynylestradiol and genistein exposure in the model teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes) and demonstrate that the medaka is a suitable model system to analyse estrogenic effects. By comparing VTG gene expression and protein levels we show that in principal both techniques can be used to study VTG induction in vivo (juvenile and adult males) and in vitro (primary cultures of male liver cells). If a short term in vivo or in vitro exposure is performed, detection of mRNA might be sufficient. For long term studies with the need to detect weak estrogenic chemicals and a precise quantification, immuno-chemical detection may be favoured.     

Measuring lysosomal stability as an effective tool for marine coastal environmental monitoring

The use of lysosomal stability in the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, as a potential biomarker of environmental contamination has been evaluated along the Portuguese coast. To this end, the neutral red retention (NRR) time was measured in mussel haemocytes gathered from nine different locations reflecting different degrees of anthropogenic contamination. Mussels collected in the vicinity of industrial and urban areas showed the lowest lysosomal stability. Additionally, no significant seasonal variability (winter-spring/summer) for NRR time was observed. In order to further support the usefulness of this method as an integrated tool for monitoring marine coastal environments, we compared the levels of xenobiotics in mussel tissues with the obtained NRR values. The results highlighted a consistent pattern, with the lowest lysosomal stability intimately correlated with the higher contaminant concentrations. In summary, this integrated approach further demonstrated that the NRR assay can provide useful and objective indications of the real health status of organisms subjected to different stress agents, being a valid option for environmental monitoring.     

粉红色红拟抱球虫在冲绳海槽区的发现及地层意义

近年来,我们在冲绳海槽区进行大量工作.本文就Z14-6孔(27°07′N127°27′E)首次发现粉红色红拟抱球虫,及稳定同位素测定,进行对比研究,证明了Thompson等1979年所提出的粉红色拟抱球虫在印度-太平洋海域灭绝时代在距今120000年左右的观点.     

Upper temperature tolerances of exotic brackish-water mussel, Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad): an experimental study

The dark false mussel, Mytilopsis leucophaeata is an important mussel colonising the brackish-water systems of temperate and subtropical regions. Of late it has earned notoriety as a biofouling species in industrial cooling water systems. However, there are no published data on the temperature tolerance of this species. This paper presents data on the upper temperature tolerance of this mussel from the view point of biofouling control using thermal methods. In addition to mortality, response of physiological activities such as oxygen consumption, filtration rate, foot activity and byssus thread production were also studied at temperatures varying from 5 to 35 degrees C. Experiments were also carried out to understand the effect of mussel size, breeding condition, nutritional status and acclimation conditions (temperature and salinity) on the mortality pattern. The physiological activities were significantly reduced at temperatures beyond 27.5 degrees C and ceased at 35 degrees C. In 20 mm size group mussels exposed to 37 degrees C, 50% mortality was observed after 85 min and 100% mortality after 113 min. The effect of mussel size on mortality at different temperatures was significant, with the larger size group mussels showing greater resistance. M. leucophaeata collected during the non-breeding season (December-April) were more tolerant to temperature than those collected during the breeding season (June-October). Nutritional status of the mussel had no significant influence on the thermal tolerance of the mussel: fed and starved (non-fed) mussels succumbed to temperature at comparable rates. The effect of acclimation temperature and acclimation salinity on M. leucophaeata mortality at different temperatures was significant. Survival time increased with increasing acclimation temperature and decreased with increasing salinity. In comparison with other co-occurring species such as Mytilus edulis and Dreissena polymorpha, M. leucophaeata appears to be more tolerant to high temperature stress.     

Detection of DNA damage in mussels and sea urchins exposed to crude oil using comet assay

The single-cell microgel electrophoresis assay or the comet assay was used to evaluate DNA damage of dispersed crude oil on sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and mussels (Mytilus edulis L.). Sea urchins were exposed to 0.06 and 0.25 mg/L dispersed crude oil in a continuous flow system, while the mussels were exposed to 0.015, 0.06 and 0.25 mg/L dispersed crude oil. Sea urchin coelomocytes and mussel haemocytes were sampled after 4 and 5 weeks exposure, respectively. In the sea urchin coelomocytes, there was a significant concentration-related increase in the percentage of DNA in comet tail. In mussel haemocytes, there was a significantly higher percentage of DNA in comet tail for all treatments compared to the control. The responses were concentration-related up to 0.06 mg/L oil. The two highest exposure concentrations of mussels were not significantly different from each other. These results indicate that the comet assay can be used for biomonitoring of DNA damage in marine invertebrates following oil contamination.     

An Experi mental Study on Wave-Induced Dynamic Stresses in Seabed

1 .IntroductionEvery year ,Taiwanis subjectedtotwo or three typhoonintrusions in average which always causedisasters . Most of the disasters which occur around the coastal zone are due to seabed instability andcoastal structure destruction caused bytyphoo…     

海洋潜在的能源一天然气水合物

天然气水合物广泛分布在海洋和极地沉积物中。在这种沉积物中具备足够低的温度和足够高的压力使得甲烷气结晶变成水合物。由于水合物的广泛分布和其潜在的能源潜力—据估计其约为地球上所有化石燃料能源的两倍．引起了全世界科学界的关注。然而。至今为止对水合物的性质和分布还了解不够，还没有合适的技术能对水合物进行定量的评价。根据地形、海底温度、沉积条件以及有机碳等资料指出在印度近海具备天然气水合物形成的条件。因此有必要在印度大陆边缘系统开展地质、地球化学和地球物理分析，以识别和估算天然气水合物的储量，评价其资源潜力。类似“气烟囱”或气体溢出持征、地震剖面上的BSR、氯化物或硫化物异常都是识别水合物的有用标志。层析成像、AVO、波形反演是定量分析水合物和游离气含量的重要手段。此外，在地震方法无法识别的地方，电阻率异常也有助干天然气水合物的识别。本文给出一些划出水合物赋存区边界和定量分析水合物及其下伏游离气含量的重要研究成果和技术。     

珠江口颗粒物Ba的解吸作用对其入海通量的影响

本文提出了一个改进的箱子模式,应用改进模式研究了班江口颗粒物Ba的解吸作用对其入海通量的影响。结果表明,珠江口Ba的入海总通量大约是3.96×10~(10)g/a;颗粒物Ba的解吸使溶解Ba的大陆性通量增加了1.17倍。     

铈异常及海水中铈的热力学

海相碳酸盐岩的铈异常可作为古海洋水氧化还原条件的一种指示剂。安哥拉海盐和巴西海盆(南大西洋)底部洋水在白垩纪时是还原环境,大约在54～58MaBP时,南大西洋变为类似于现在海水的氧化还原环境。本文提出了一个新的比较完善的铈氧化还原热力学公式,解释了长期悬而未决的海水和河水中铈地球化学异常的问题,如大西洋表层海水为何具有铈正异常等。查明于54～58MaBP非洲板块和南美板块彻底分离,统一的南、北大西洋开始形成。论证了阿尔卑斯运动和喜马拉雅运动是同步的。