新一代区域海-气-浪耦合台风预报系统

依托国家重点基础研究（973）计划项目"上层海洋对台风的响应和调制机理研究",中国气象局上海台风研究所联合国家海洋局的相关单位,通过实施近海台风的外场观测科学试验、加强台风边界层（特别是海气相互作用）物理过程诊断分析及参数化方案等的研究,建立并改进了台风强度预报的海-气-浪耦合预报模式系统,并在此基础上发展了台风强度的集合预报技术,在历史典型台风个例和2016-2017年台汛期的业务化测试中表现出良好的预报性能。     

东太平洋海隆13°N表层含金属沉积物物质组成与元素赋存状态

为了解不同类型含金属沉积物在物质组成和元素赋存状态的差异,对东太平洋海隆13°N洋中脊两侧表层含金属沉积物(站号:E271和E53)进行了矿物学、地球化学分析,顺序提取实验,并与前人对轴部表层沉积物(站号:17A-EPR-TVG1)的研究结果作了对比分析。研究结果表明, E271和E53是远端含金属沉积物,由非浮力热液羽状流中颗粒物沉降所形成的;17A-EPR-TVG1沉积物是近喷口含金属沉积物,由黑烟囱或者热液硫化物丘状体崩塌、堆积,或者由热液羽状流中Fe-Mn氧化物和硫化物快速沉淀而形成的,近喷口沉积物比远端沉积物更富集Fe、Cu和Zn等元素。元素在两种含金属沉积物中的赋存状态基本相同,除了Fe,Cu,Zn,Mo和稀土元素(REE)等元素在远端沉积物中主要存在于Fe-Mn氧化物相,在近喷口沉积物中主要在残留相中。远端沉积物中REE页岩标准化配分模式与海水相似,表明REE主要来自海水,而近喷口沉积物中REE配分模式与热液流体相似,说明REE以高温热液流体来源为主。相关研究结果加深了对热液沉积作用研究的认识。     

Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N

A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise(EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition.E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal,and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals(2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils(diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30 Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios(a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE.     

构造-岩浆作用对热液活动的控制机理: 马努斯海盆为例

综述了马努斯海盆热液区构造特征、基底差异, 结合马努斯海盆热液区热液活动与构造-岩浆特征, 探讨了二者的耦合关系, 以及构造-岩浆作用对热液活动的影响和控制。马努斯海盆位于西南太平洋俾斯麦海的东北部, 是世界上扩张速度最快的海盆之一。马努斯海盆西部(马努斯扩张中心, Manus Spreading Center, MSC)主要由海盆扩张成熟期产生的大洋中脊玄武岩组成, 属于成熟弧后扩张中心,发育Vienna Woods热液区; 海盆东部(东南裂谷, Southeast Rift, SER)则是一个拉张裂谷, 处于扩张的早期阶段, 属于不成熟弧后扩张中心, 发育PACMANUS、DESMOS、SuSu Knolls三大热液区。MSC与大洋中脊的热液活动相似, 而SER因受到火山、俯冲作用影响更为显著, 其热液流体具有岩浆流体和俯冲流体的特征。与Vienna Woods热液压相比, PACMANUS、DESMOS以及SuSu Knolls三个热液区的水深相对较浅(1 150～1 740 m), 是地球内部热物质由内向外迁移的结果, 其下部岩浆作用强烈。此外,岩浆脱气作用和数值模拟结果表明, PACMANUS热液系统中具有岩浆流体的输入。与Vienna Woods热液区相比, PACMANUS、DESMOS、SuSu Knolls热液区的热液活动强度及流体组成主要受控于岩浆作用。     

Quantitative morphometric analysis of the Jama River profile in a tectonically active margin (Northwestern Ecuador)

The longitudinal profile of a river channel can be described in function of mathematical expressions. The logarithmic fit is the most used method to describe the relative equilibrium of a channel elevation profile. Rivers showing zones of high channel gradient and convex-upward profiles can be evaluated in function of the offset distance with respect to the logarithmic curve. The Jama River profile has been constructed using differential GPS data for the downstream reach and 4-m-grid DEM data base for the remaining headward profile. The resulting longitudinal profile shows a prominent knickpoint of about 80 m in elevation characterized by sharp local convexity. The offset distance in vertical direction from the logarithmic plot is interpreted as the successive accumulation of multiple uplift episodes associated with the Jama Fault System activity. The horizontal offset is suggested to represent the remaining retreated distance for the upstream propagation of the Jama knickpoint. The highly resistant Cretaceous rocks outcropping along the Jama knickpoint reach acts as an inflection point between two subprofiles that show well-fitted logarithmic curves, thereby representing a temporary partitioned equilibrium along the Jama River profile.     

顾及多分析尺度的地形部位面向对象分类方法

地形部位是地表形态的基本单元,其分类和提取在地貌发育、数字土壤制图、景观生态制图等领域有着重要的应用。康鑫等提出的多尺度Geomorphons地形部位分类法（简称多尺度Geomorphons法）利用高程相对差异信息和地形部位多尺度特征,可避免受地形属性计算及单一分析尺度约束而误分类,然而其存在分类破碎及分析尺度域难以确定的问题。基于此,本文以多尺度Geomorphons法为基础,提出了其适宜分析尺度域确定方法,建立了以初始地形部位数据层组合的对象多尺度分割和分类方法,进而构建了顾及多分析尺度的地形部位面向对象分类方法。以陕北黄土高原区域5 m分辨率DEM为实验数据,对面向对象分类方法进行了验证与评价。实验结果表明：①均值变点法可有效解决分析尺度域难以确定的问题,实验样区适宜分析尺度域为[5×5, 33×33]栅格单元;②以0,255为二值化的地形部位数据层组合适用于多尺度分割,尺度、形状及紧致度参数组合影响分割结果,且对于实验样区存在最优分割参数;③与多尺度Geomorphons法相比,本文方法得到的地形部位分类结果完整性较好,在地表形态对应和地理认知等方面更具合理性。     

川北地区灯二段储层特征及其形成机制

依据野外及钻井岩心的宏观、微观特征,结合相应的地化资料,对川北地区灯影组灯二段的储层特征及主要控制因素进行了较为详细的研究。研究认为,其储集岩主要为颗粒粘连白云岩、藻叠层白云岩和白云质岩溶角砾岩,储集空间以次生成因的藻粘连格架溶孔、顺层溶孔—溶洞—溶缝和穿层葡萄花边溶洞最为常见,储层类型多为孔洞型,常规物性具有低孔—低渗特征;颗粒粘连滩和藻丘为区内优质储层的发育提供物质基础,压实—压溶和多期胶结作用是原生孔隙消失的基本原因,桐湾运动Ⅰ幕导致的表生岩溶作用是储层形成的关键。颗粒粘连滩、藻丘与表生岩溶水平潜流带的叠加使其储层主要分布在灯二段的中部。该研究结果可为川北地区震旦系灯影组油气勘探提供依据。     

秦氏头皮针治疗血管神经性头痛30例临床观察

目的：观察秦氏头皮针治疗血管神经性头痛的临床疗效。方法：选取血管神经性头痛患者60例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30例。对照组口服尼莫地平治疗,治疗组采用秦氏头皮针治疗。结果：总有效率治疗组为90.0%,对照组为73.3%,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;2组头痛发作频次、发作天数、持续时间、头痛程度评分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：秦氏头皮针治疗血管神经性头痛疗效显著。     

Development and characterization of a cell line from the embryos of half smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

A new cell line,CSEC,has been successfully established from embryos at gastrula stage of a cultured marine fish,half smooth tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis).CSEC cells grow actively and stably more than 50 passages for over 200 d in DMEM medium supplemented with 15% FBS(fetal bovine serum),2.5 ng/cm 3 bFGF(basic fibroblast growth factor),1 ng/cm 3 LIF(leukemia inhibitory factor) and 50 mmol/dm 3 2-ME(2-mecaptoethanol).The cells grew well in the temperature range of 24-30 ℃ and the optimal growth temperature was 24℃.FBS and bFGF concentrations are the two key components for CSEC cells proliferation.Chromosome analysis reveals that CSEC cells have a normal diploid karyotype with 2n=42t.The significant fluorescent signals were observed in CSEC after transfection with the GFP reporter gene,suggesting that the CSEC cell line can be used as a useful tool for transgenic and genetic manipulation studies.CSEC cells showed the cytopathic effect(CPE) after infection with lymphosystis disease virus(LCDV) in 2 d.Moreover,the LCDV particles can be observed in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells by electron microscopy.It suggests that CSEC could be potentially used for the study of aquatic virus.