全球变化背景下北方泥炭地释放溶解有机碳的驱动机制

泥炭地（peatland）是一类储碳效率很高的特殊陆地生态系统,其碳储量约占全球土壤碳库的近1／3,对全球碳循环有着举足轻重的作用。有证据表明在过去20余年,北半球大范围的天然水体中溶解有机碳的浓度呈显著增升趋势。普遍认为与全球变化背景下北方泥炭地大规模释放溶解有机碳有关,但其驱动机制尚不十分清楚。已经提出的具有代表性...     

白马雪山冰川槽谷发育的形态特征及其影响因素探讨

白马雪山地处横断山脉腹地,对于重建西南季风影响区的环境变迁以及探讨冰川作用特点具有重要科学意义.这里保留着典型的晚第四纪冰川侵蚀地貌,其中冰川槽谷发育特征明显.本文运用抛物线形态参数、梯级宽深比、形态比率等定量分析冰川槽谷的研究方法,对保存在白马雪山主峰扎拉雀尼(5429m)东北坡的两条简单冰川槽谷的形态特征进行分析.采用7个典型剖面的形态特征参数与其他地区对比,探讨冰川槽谷发育的可能影响因素如水热条件、冰川性质、冰川规模、岩性特点、冰川作用时间等.结果显示:白马雪山冰川槽谷抛物线形态参数b值为1.779,明显小于冰川性质相同的螺髻山(1.835),主要是由于区域降水条件的不同所造成的差异,而与冰川性质不同天山乌鲁木齐河源区(1.825)冰川槽谷的形态特征的差异,可能与冰川规模、作用时间以及岩性条件密切相关;梯级宽深比中槽谷形态参数沿程变化可以反映冰川流动过程中的动力变化,梯级宽深比中的形态参数Af和Bf值最大处对应的谷肩位置接近雪线位置.根据槽谷谷肩的位置确定末次冰期早期/中期的雪线高度为4140m,这与用地貌法如冰斗底部高程法、侧碛堤最大高度法和冰川末端至冰斗后壁最大高度法等综合确定的雪线高度4092m基本一致.因此,在冰川槽谷发育的冰川作用区,用槽谷谷肩的海拔高度估算雪线高度可以成为一种比较可靠的确定古雪线方法;白马雪山的冰川槽谷形态参数b-FR的特征表明,即使是海洋性冰川作用区也不符合Hiran和Aniya提出的山地冰川模式,但运用b-FR相关关系可以很好的反映冰川的侵蚀过程.白马雪山地区冰川侧蚀作用导致槽谷坡降值较小,底部较平坦宽阔,呈现出相对完整的U型形态.此外,用形态比率FR值也可以验证雪线的位置高度.     

湖北宜昌重要地质遗迹资源特征及发展模式探讨

本文系统总结了湖北宜昌地区省级及省级以上地质遗迹资源,认为该地区地质遗迹分布规律主要可概括为两个方面,一是受控于地形和河流的综合作用,以各类地貌景观遗迹为特点;二是各个地质时代地层剖面齐全,古生物化石产地聚集.其中可归类为世界级地质遗迹点为5个,均以"古生物化石"为核心,分别为三峡地区埃迪卡拉生物群、长阳寒武纪清江生物...     

Effects of Mixing Granular Iron with Sand on the Kinetics of Trichloroethylene Reduction

A substantial cost of granular iron permeable reactive barriers is that of the granular iron itself. Cutting the iron with sand can reduce costs, but several performance issues arise. In particular, reaction rates are expected to decline as the percentage of iron in the blend is diminished. This might occur simply as a function of iron content, or mass transfer effects may play a role in a much less predictable fashion. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the performance consequences of mixing Connelly granular iron with sand using the reduction kinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) to quantify the changes. Five mixing ratios (i.e., 100%, 85%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of iron by weight) were studied. The experimental data showed that there is a noticeable decrease in the reaction rate when the content of sand is 25% by weight (iron mass to pore volume ratio, Fe/V_p = 3548 g/L) or greater. An analysis of the reaction kinetics, using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equation, indicated that mass transfer became an apparent cause of rate loss when the iron content fell below 50% by weight (Fe/V_p = 2223 g/L). Paradoxically, there were tentative indications that TCE removal rates were higher in a 15% sand + 85% iron mixture (Fe/V_p = 4416 g/L) than they were in 100% iron (Fe/V_p = 4577 g/L). This subtle improvement in performance might be due to an increase of iron surface available for contact with TCE, due to grain packing in the sand-iron mixture.     

广域差分GPS系统完备性监测

广域差分 GPS系统完备性监测技术是广域差分的关键和核心。本文全面介绍了完备性监测技术的定义 ,完备性监测系统的构成 ,以及各个部分的监测方法 ,包括监测站和用户站的监测技术 ,最后给出了完备性监测的一般步骤。     

低阶地球引力场长期变化的确定

利用约11年的Lageos人卫激光测距（SLR）资料,反演了地球引力场系数J2和J3变化的时间序列,分析得到每年的2＝(-2.6±0.4)×10-11,3＝(-1.2±0.4)×10-11及18.6年固体潮Love数k2=0.3154±0.0070,相位滞后ε=3.1°±2.0°.由此可以对地幔滞弹和地球各圈层的动力学变化及相互作用提供高精度的天文观测约束。为了提供高精度的J2和J3变化的时间序列,可能的误差源必须考虑,如自转速率变化引起的极潮,引力场系数Jn的低阶和高阶项之间的弱的耦合等。     

GRANITOIDS AND TETONIC EVOLUTION OF THE WEST KUNLUN OROGENIC BELT

GRANITOIDS AND TETONIC EVOLUTION OF THE WEST KUNLUN OROGENIC BELT     

动物蛋白酶1058水解ti鱼可溶性蛋白质

研究了动物蛋白酶 1 0 58水解鱼是鱼蛋白时 ,酶量、温度、作用时间对鱼是鱼蛋白质水解率和苦味的影响。结果表明 :酶浓度的提高 ,水解时间的延长 ,均使鱼是鱼蛋白水解率明显提高。最适水解温度为 50℃ ,当温度高于 50℃时 ,水解率逐渐下降 ,蛋白酶开始失活。苦味值随水解率提高而增加。用正交试验的方法 ,经综合分析和试验得出 ,该蛋白酶水解鱼是鱼的最佳条件是酶量与底物之比为 1 .5∶ 1 0 0 0 ;温度为 50℃ ;水解时间为 4h。     

临沧锗矿床的稀土元素地球化学研究

通过对临沧锗矿床中基底花岗岩、矿化煤以及硅质岩的稀土元素地球化学研究认为盆地基底花岗提供了形成锗矿化的锗和形成硅质岩的硅；本区陆相热水成因硅质岩的Ce异常不明显，相对富集LREE；矿化煤相对富集HREE，这可能主要与矿化煤在含锗热液的相互作用过程中，煤对重烯土的优先富集有关。     

Tin partition behavior and implications for the Furong tin ore formation associated with peralkaline intrusive granite in Hunan Province,China

Tin deposits are often closely associated with granitic intrusions. In this study, we analyzed tin partition coefficients between different fluids and melts (\({\text{D}}_{Sn}^{aq.fl./melt}\)) as well as various crystals and melts \({\text{D}}_{Sn}^{aq.fl./melt}\)(\({\text{D}}_{Sn}^{crystal/melt}\)) from the Furong tin deposit associated with the Qitianling A-type granite. Our experimental results indicate that tin partition behavior is affected by the chemical compositions of fluids, melts, and minerals. Tin is prone to partitioning into the residual magma in fractional crystallization or other differential magmatic processes if the magma originated from crustal sources with high alkali content, high volatile content, and low oxygen fugacity. Highly evolved residual peralkaline granitic magma enriched in tin can lead to tin mineralization in a later stage. Furthermore, the volatiles F and Cl in the magma play important roles in tin partitioning behavior. Low F contents in the melt phase and high Cl content in the aqueous fluid phase are favorable factors for tin partitioning in the aqueous fluid phase. High Cl content in the aqueous fluid catalyzes water–rock interaction and leads to the extraction of tin from tin-bearing minerals. All these findings support a hydrothermal origin for the tin deposits. In light of the geotectonic setting, petrochemical characteristics, and mineralizing physicochemical conditions of the Furong tin deposit, it is inferred that the ore-forming fluid of the Furong tin ore deposit could have derived from the Qitianling peralkaline intrusion.