Geochemical processes controlling arsenic mobility in groundwater: A case study of arsenic mobilization and natural attenuation

The behavior of As in the subsurface environment was examined along a transect of groundwater monitoring wells at a Superfund site, where enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) is being used for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents. The transect was installed parallel to the groundwater flow direction through the treatment area. The ERD technology involves the injection of organic C (OC) to stimulate in situ microbial dechlorination processes. A secondary effect of the ERD treatment at this site, however, is the mobilization of As, as well as Fe and Mn. The concentrations of these elements are low in groundwater collected upgradient of the ERD treatment area, indicating that, in the absence of the injected OC, the As that occurs naturally in the sediment is relatively immobile. Batch experiments conducted using sediments from the site inoculated with an Fe(III)- and As(V)-reducing bacterium and amended with lactate resulted in mobilization of As, Fe and Mn, suggesting that As mobilization in the field is due to microbial processes.     

对铁路客运专线穿越采空区场地的稳定性检算分析

就主采空区地表塌陷对铁路客运专线的危害性按照《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程》及相关规范技术要求,对线路与主采空区之间的安全距离进行了量化评价,之后就小窑采空区场地对高等级铁路稳定性运用浅埋采空平衡拱的理论量化评价。以上两种量化评价的结果是可以保障线路与主采空区之间的安全距离,该小窑采空区顶板不受力,顶板地基稳定性差,最后文中对场地地基稳定性差的线路基础提出处理措施与建议。     

铜精粉中铜的测量不确定度评定

测量不确定度作为当今矿石主要的评定方式,其评定是表征并赋予测量结果的分散性,为最终的测量结果附带参数,以此来客观衡量测量量的分散性。根据数值的特点分为两个度量,符合统计规律的数值,称为A类不确定度;不符合统计规律的数值称为B类不确定度。将不确定度的评定方法运用到铜精粉中铜含量的测定中,最终得出样品铜精粉中19.94%～20.34%的铜含量,同时对铜精粉中铜的测量实验及实验结果不确定度的评定进行了系统的研究,并将整个实验及结果不确定度的计算过程简述,这样不仅达到了测量的目的,还能对不确定度进一步认识,也给冶炼工业的发展提供了可参考的研究方法。     

HGP桩在地基处理中的应用

通过工程实例,介绍HGP桩复合地基的设计计算及施工工艺,根据现场检测结果,说明采用HGP桩能有效提高地基强度、控制地基变形,而且HGP桩具有施工机具简单、可操作性强、造价低、不受场地条件限制等优点。HGP桩在地基处理中具有很好的推广应用价值。     

兰坪-思茅盆地东南缘三叠系歪古村组层序地层分析

目前针对兰坪-思茅盆地层序地层的研究还相对薄弱,在野外实测剖面的基础上,运用构造-层序地层学理论,在兰坪-思茅盆地东南缘的歪古村组中识别出了一个Ⅰ型层序界面及两个II型层序界面,将该组划分为两个三级层序及一个上升半旋回,并建立了层序的演化模式,显示南西向的河流对本区歪古村组的沉积具有重要的影响。     

软土地基某泵闸深基坑支护失稳分析及处理

介绍了某泵闸基坑灌注桩围护位移及钢管支撑受力过程,对造成支护失稳原因进行了详细分析,探讨基坑设计及施工工艺存在的问题,介绍了支护失稳后抢险、围护补强、防渗加固及支撑体系补强等措施,同时对加固补强处置效果进行了分析,得出相关结论及建议,为类似基坑顺利施工提供了一定依据。     

南海北部深水西区中中新世混合沉积模式及控制因素

以新采集的地震资料为基础,对南海北部深水西区的混合沉积作了初步研究。混合沉积在地震剖面上表现为平行—亚平行,振幅强—中,频率中等及连续性中等的反射特征。混合沉积分布在研究区地震资料覆盖范围的西北角,发育规模较大,最大长度达44.7km,最大宽度33.2km,面积1084km2,最大厚度为138m,纵向上分布在中中新统梅山组。综合南海北部构造演化、地震勘探等研究成果,建立了混合沉积模式。该混合沉积分布于半深海沉积区,由其南东东方向的西沙—广乐台地提供碳酸盐岩碎屑(同时也提供部分硅质碎屑),由其西侧的中南半岛提供主要的硅质碎屑。在南海北部深水西区,控制混合沉积分布的主要因素为构造作用(包括海平面变化)、物源供给及水动力条件等三个方面,这三者之间又具有密切的内在联系。     

Automated multi-scale classification of the terrain units of the Jiaxie Guyots and their mineral resource characteristics

Given the advances in satellite altimetry and multibeam bathymetry, benthic terrain classification based on digital bathymetric models (DBMs) has been widely used for the mapping of benthic topographies. For instance, cobalt-rich crusts (CRCs) are important mineral resources found on seamounts and guyots in the western Pacific Ocean. Thick, plate-like CRCs are known to form on the summit and slopes of seamounts at the 1 000–3 000 m depth, while the relationship between seamount topography and spatial distribution of CRCs remains unclear. The benthic terrain classification of seamounts can solve this problem, thereby, facilitating the rapid exploration of seamount CRCs. Our study used an EM122 multibeam echosounder to retrieve high-resolution bathymetry data in the CRCs contract license area of China, i.e., the Jiaxie Guyots in 2015 and 2016. Based on the DBM construted by bathymetirc data, broad- and fine-scale bathymetric position indices were utilized for quantitative classification of the terrain units of the Jiaxie Guyots on multiple scales. The classification revealed four first-order terrain units (e.g., flat, crest, slope, and depression) and eleven second-order terrain units (e.g., local crests, depressions on crests, gentle slopes, crests on slopes, and local depressions, etc.). Furthermore, the classification of the terrain and geological analysis indicated that the Weijia Guyot has a large flat summit, with local crests at the southern summit, whereas most of the guyot flanks were covered by gentle slopes. “Radial” mountain ridges have developed on the eastern side, while large-scale gravitational landslides have developed on the western and southern flanks. Additionally, landslide masses can be observed at the bottom of these slopes. The coverage of local crests on the seamount is ~1 000 km2, and the local crests on the peak and flanks of the guyots may be the areas where thick and continuous plate-like CRCs are likely to occur.     

空心块体水沙动力及泥沙淤积特性研究

空心块体具有良好的阻水和促淤功能,近年来被广泛用于生态修复工程。本文结合水槽试验及Flow-3D数值模拟,分析了开敞型和半封闭型空心块体的阻水效应和泥沙淤积特性。结果表明:空心块体的开孔率对内部水流流速、紊动强度起主导作用,开孔率较小的半开敞型空心块体减速、制紊效果更强;开敞型和半封闭型空心块体近底层悬沙浓度分别增大56%和75%,两者均有利于促进泥沙在块体内部淤积,近底层水流紊动越强,泥沙淤积形态差异越大;空心块体所营造的低流速、泥沙微淤、内外连通的水沙环境是大型底栖生物的生境需求,半封闭型空心块体内部的低紊动水流结构更有利于大型底栖生物的栖息、繁衍。     

Dynamic Response Analysis and Vibration Control for A Fixed-Bottom Offshore Wind Turbine Subjected to Multiple External Excitations

For the offshore wind turbines installed in earthquake areas, their operation is affected by seismic loads in addition to wind and wave loads. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamic responses and vibration control of the wind turbines. In previous studies, the structural responses of offshore wind turbines are usually investigated in the parked case, while the blade rotation effect is usually not considered. The evaluation on the structural responses may be inaccurate under this conditi...