Late Cretaceous Adakitic Granites of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau: Garnet Fractional Crystallization of Arc‐Like Magmas at the Thickened Neo‐Tethyan Continental Margin

The tectonic setting of Cretaceous granitoids in the southeastern Tibet Plateau, east of the Eastern Himalaya Syntax, is debated. Exploration and mining of the Laba Mo–Cu porphyry-type deposit in the area has revealed Late Cretaceous granites. New and previously published zircon U–Pb dating indicate that the Laba granite crystallized at 89–85 Ma. Bulk-rock geochemistry, Sr–Nd isotopic data and in situ zircon Hf isotopic data indicate that the granite is adakitic and was formed by partial melting of thickened lower crust. The Ca, Fe, and Al contents decrease with increasing SiO2 content.These and other geochemical characteristics indicate that fractional crystallization of garnet under high-pressure conditions resulted in the adakitic nature of the Laba granite. Cretaceous granitoids are widespread throughout the Tibetan Plateau including its southeastern area, forming an intact curved belt along the southern margin of Eurasia. This belt is curved due to indenting by the Indian continent during Cenozoic, but strikes parallel to both the Indus–Yarlung suture zone and the Main Frontal Thrust belt. It is therefore likely that Cretaceous granitoids in both the Gangdese and southeastern Tibetan Plateau areas resulted from subduction of Neo-Tethyan lithosphere.     

中国湖相碳酸盐岩时空分布与碳氧同位素特征*

湖相碳酸盐岩产状多样,多以夹层形式分布在碎屑岩剖面中,也见以结核或钙质微体化石等薄层赋存于泥岩、页岩等碎屑岩中,具有层数多、单层薄、呈韵律性变化等特点。受构造背景、物源输入和古环境等因素控制,中国湖相碳酸盐沉积最早出现于二叠纪,主要发育时段为古近纪,具有沉积时间跨度大、分布面积广的特征。湖相碳酸盐岩按成因可分为原生沉积型、成岩改造型和热液喷流型3类。中国湖相碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素特征可揭示原生和成岩过程中水介质环境的差异性: (1)δ¹³C和 δ¹⁸O 密切相关,且δ¹³C多正偏,指示封闭型咸水、半咸水湖泊环境;(2)δ¹³C和 δ¹⁸O 无相关性,且δ¹³C多负偏,指示开放型湖泊环境;(3)δ¹³C严重正偏,指示成岩作用时发酵带的环境受到古细菌参与的甲烷生成作用的影响。     

大柳塔煤矿活鸡兔井田侏罗系延安组高分辨率层序地层及聚煤规律研究

根据高分辨率层序地层学理论对大柳塔煤矿活鸡兔井田侏罗系延安组进行层序地层划分,并结合沉积环境分析,研究延安组煤系地层的聚煤规律。研究结果表明:活鸡兔井田侏罗系延安组可以划分出3个长周期基准面旋回,8个中周期基准面旋回,15～18个短周期基准面旋回。长周期基准面旋回对应于陆相坳陷盆地初始沉降、扩张、萎缩过程,其地层组合序列记录了湖水超覆、扩展以及退缩的沉积地质历史。延安组煤层形成于三角洲泛滥平原沼泽及三角洲湖泊沼泽两种沉积模式,其中:5煤、2-2上煤、1-2煤、1-2上煤形成于三角洲泛滥平原沼泽环境,主要位于短、中周期沉积基准面上升半旋回的晚期或下降半旋回的早期,可容纳空间增加与沉积物供给速度较平衡,沉积厚度较大,分布较稳定,但经历了异地搬运,局部冲刷现象明显,为三角洲泛滥平原沼泽沉积模式;而4煤、3-1煤、2-2煤则形成于三角洲湖泊沼泽,主要位于短、中周期基准面下降半旋回,沉积物供给难以满足可容纳空间的增长速度,煤层厚度较薄,分叉、合并现象明显,空间分布不稳定,未经历异地搬运沉积,无冲刷现象发生,为三角洲湖泊沼泽沉积模式。     

拉萨地体东南部整体地壳成分及其成因分析

造山带地壳结构和成分的基本特征对于认识大陆地壳成分演化和区域成矿背景具有重要意义.综合青藏高原拉萨地体东南部地球物理、高温高压岩石物性和岩浆岩地球化学资料,分析该地区地壳整体成分特征,并探讨其可能成因.该地区平均地壳波速显著低于全球大陆和造山带地壳的平均值,表明地壳整体具有中酸性成分,下地壳特征也可由中性岩石(残余体性质的中性含石榴石麻粒岩)解释.拉萨地体东南部整体地壳成分特征应与多阶段长英质化有关,包括碰撞前大陆弧演化阶段(以堆晶或残余体下地壳拆沉为主)和碰撞后高原垮塌阶段(以加厚下地壳拆沉为主,伴随印度古老长英质陆壳物质的俯冲回返/构造底侵).拉萨地体是研究大陆地壳成分演化的绝佳区域,亟待进一步开展多学科综合研究.     

环境因素对兴-贝型多年冻土分布与发育的影响

兴安岭-贝加尔（兴-贝）型多年冻土处于欧亚大陆高纬度多年冻土南缘,对气候变化和人类活动较为敏感。为了研究多年冻土变化规律以及预测其未来变化趋势,从环境因素对多年冻土的影响以及多年冻土与环境的相互作用两个方面出发,围绕地带性因素（纬度、高度、经度）和非地带因素（气温、植被、降水、积雪等）两大类环境因素的变化对多年冻土分布与发育的影响,分析了兴-贝型多年冻土的变化和发展趋势,总结认为：气温、植被、降水、积雪等环境因素共同作用,改变了土层水热状况,促使区域内大范围多年冻土经历了显著退化;退化程度存在区域差异,多年冻土南界附近退化程度最为显著。基于兴-贝型多年冻土的特殊性,提出了建立冻土和寒区环境监测机制并及时采取适应性和整治性措施保护和修复区域环境的建议。     

N—P—K复肥四元体系KCl—KH_2PO_4—CO（NH_2）_2—H_2O在

基于Ｎ—Ｐ—Ｋ三元复肥的物理化学基础．首次测定了四元体系ＫＣｌ—ＫＨ２ＰＯ４—ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）２在２９８．２Ｋ时的溶度及饱和溶液的折光率，绘制了体系的溶度图和折光率──组成图。该体系的溶度图属低共饱型，平衡固相为组份化合物，低共饱点组成为：１００ｇ饱和溶液中．ＫＣｌ１３．３１ｇ，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４３．３３ｇ，ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）２４７．２６ｇ，Ｈ２Ｏ３６．１０／１０ｇ。     

中国海岸侵蚀述要

中国近代海岸侵蚀自50年代末期日渐明显,70年代末期加剧。目前约有70％的沙质海岸和大部分开敞的粉砂淤泥质海岸遭受侵蚀。人工挖沙和河流输沙减少是侵蚀发生的主要原因。海岸侵蚀已危及沿岸房舍、道路、海岸工程、旅游资源。     

REE concentrations of garnet and omphacite in eclogites from the Dabie Mountain, central China

Distributions of the rare-earth elements (REE) in omphacite and garnet and REE behaviors during metamorphic processes were discussed. The REE concentrations of garnet and omphacite in six eclogite samples from the Dabie Mountain, central China, were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The correlation of δEu ratios between garnet and omphacite indicated that chemical equilibrium of REE distribution between garnet and omphacite could be achieved during ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Most of the partition coefficients (Kd=CiOmp/CiGrt) of light rare-earth elements (LREE) are higher than 1. However the partition coefficients of heavy rare-earth elements (HREE) are lower than 1. This indicated that the LREE inclined to occupy site M2 in omphacite, but the HREEs tended to occupy eightfold coordinated site in garnet during the eclogite formation. The REE geochemistry of the eclogites indicated that LREE could be partially lost during the prograde metamorphic process of protolith, but be introduced into the rocks during the symplectite formation. LREE are more active than HREE during the UHP metamorphism. The results are favorable to highlighting the REE behavior and evolution of UHP metamorphic rocks.     

陕西凤县石炭系牙形石组合及其时代

陕西凤县核桃坝剖面含２个牙形石组合，下组合为Ｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕｓｔｙｐｉｃｕｓｓ－Ｓｉｐｈｏｎｏｄｅｌｌａｃｆ．ｉｓｏｓｔｉｃｈａ组合，相当ｔｙｐｉｃｕｓ带和ｉｓｏｓｔｉｃｈａ－上ｃｒｅｎｕｌａｔａ带，属杜内阶；上组合为Ｉｄｉｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕｓｄｅｌｉｃａｔｕｓ－Ｎｅｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａｃｌａｒｋｉ组合，其时代为维斯发早期。本文共描述了１５个牙形石种，并讨论了Ｎ．ｃｌａｒｋｉ等３种的个体发育。     

Cooling and exhumation of the oldest Sanqiliu uranium ore system in Motianling district,South China Block

The Sanqiliu uranium deposit belongs to a uranium ore system in Motianling district. It is the oldest uranium deposit in South China. Primary uranium mineralization occurred almost simultaneously with the emplacement of the host granites and subsequent dykes, and it has a relatively high grade of uranium (0.421%). We clarify the age of mineralization and investigate the cooling history through new pitchblende U–Pb and apatite fission‐track thermochronology. The pitchblende U–Pb results indicate that uranium mineralization occurred at ~801–759 Ma. Fractionation of uranium and lead at ~374–295 Ma is interpreted as remobilization and resetting of the original uranium. The Motianling area has apatite fission‐track ages of 57 to 18 Ma. By combining our results with previous work, we conclude that the deposit cooled slowly and was exposed at the surface during the Cenozoic. The timing and depth of exhumation helped to preserve and avoid erosion of the uranium deposit, and highlight the potential for regional uranium exploration.