Diagenesis and Restructuring Mechanism of Oil and Gas Reservoir in the Marine Carbonate Formation,Northeastern Sichuan:A Case Study of the Puguang Gas Reservoir

Abstract: Based on the technology of balanced cross-section and physical simulation experiments associated with natural gas geochemical characteristic analyses, core and thin section observations, it has been proven that the Puguang gas reservoir has experienced two periods of diagenesis and restructuring since the Late Indo-Chinese epoch. One is the fluid transfer controlled by the tectonic movement and the other is geochemical reconstruction controlled by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The middle Yanshan epoch was the main period that the Puguang gas reservoir experienced the geochemical reaction of TSR. TSR can recreate the fluid in the gas reservoir, which makes the gas drying index higher and carbon isotope heavier because C2+ (ethane and heavy hydrocarbon) and 12C (carbon 12 isotope) is first consumed relative to CH4 and 13C? (carbon 13 isotope). However, the reciprocity between fluid regarding TSR (hydrocarbon, sulfureted hydrogen (H2S)?, and water) and reservoir rock results in reservoir rock erosion and anhydrite alteration, which increases porosity in reservoir, thereby improving the petrophysical properties. Superimposed by later tectonic movement, the fluid in Puguang reservoir has twice experienced adjustment, one in the late Yanshan epoch to the early Himalayan epoch and the other time in late Himalayan epoch, after which Puguang gas reservoir is finally developed.     

青藏高原那曲地区雷电特征初步分析

通过对2002年夏季青藏高原那曲地区雷暴过程及闪电观测资料的初步分析,发现该地区雷暴电荷结构具有多样性和复杂性,地闪明显偏少. 对高原地闪的一些基本特征参量的统计分析表明,无论正地闪还是负地闪梯级先导前都具有持续时间较长的云内放电过程,地闪以单次回击为主. 与中低纬度地区相比,高原地闪中正地闪比例明显要高,为33髎;负地闪为67髎;正、负地闪回击后常常伴随短时间的连续电流.     

北京地区Pi2脉动和地磁AE指数的关系

分析了北京地区1998年1月1日至3月26日和4月24日至6月13日共136天记录的Pi2脉动事件特性,并与同时期亚暴AE指数进行了对比.结果发现,在北京地区越靠近日侧,观测到的Pi2脉动事件越少,幅度也越小.并不是每次亚暴都能激发空腔振荡模,亚暴强度的增加也并不代表空腔振荡模产生概率的增加.随着亚暴AE指数的增大,Pi2脉动的平均幅度基本上也在增大.但也有例外,可能是由于北京观测地点距离亚暴电流楔位置较远造成的.北京地区的Pi2脉动可以发生于亚暴的整个过程中,从AE指数开始增长期间（亚暴增长相）,一直到亚暴AE指数恢复正常（亚暴膨胀相后期）.某些亚暴没有对应着Pi2脉动事件,其AE指数从小于200nT一直到800nT以上.从观测数据来看,北京地区虽然纬度分区在低纬区域,但其Pi2脉动的特性与中纬Pi2特性更为靠近.所以不宜用北京地区Pi2来预报亚暴,以避免误报和漏报.     

青藏高原闪电活动的时空分布特征

利用卫星上携带的闪电探测仪所获取的8年闪电资料(1995～2002)对青藏高原闪电活动的时空分布以及高原季风期间闪电活动对地面热力学特征的响应进行了研究.结果表明,高原上的平均闪电密度为3fl·a-1·km-2,并在高原中部（32°N, 88°E）出现闪电密度峰值5.1fl·a-1·km-2.闪电活动主要发生在6～8月,并在6月下旬至7月中旬最为活跃.大部分地区的闪电活动日变化峰值出现在14:00～16:00 LT,在中西部的显著高山地区早于这一时刻,而在显著低海拔的塔里木和柴达木盆地晚于这一时刻.夏季季风期间高原上的闪电活动明显依赖于地表的热力学特征,并与地表鲍恩比和感热通量呈明显的线性正相关,相关系数分别为0.7和0.6,鲍恩比有可能作为调整闪电产生效率的量度.     

共反射元弧叠加方法在火山岩成像中的应用

常规叠加方法假设叠加的地震道集的反射波来自地下同一个反射点,而地表观测到 的反射波场在空间上小于菲涅尔体范围是不可分辨的. 本文根据火山岩体特征,用元弧描述 火山岩的反射界面. 将来自菲涅尔体范围内的反射波沿着元弧界面求和,进而扩大叠加次数 ,达到增加反射信号能量提高地震反射波的叠加成像质量的目的. 文中给出了反射波走时参 数与地下元弧反射界面之间的联系和叠加实现的步骤. 计算结果表明,元弧叠加方法能够提 高剖面的信噪比,增加反射波同相轴的连续性.     

东营凹陷高青-平南断裂带幔源流体活动特征及其成藏效应

东营凹陷高青-平南断裂带为幔源流体运移的主要通道,该幔源流体主要为岩浆(岩)和CO2气体。高青-平南断裂带幔源流体活动方式和活动强度存在着时间和空间上的差异,该断裂带在古近纪-新近纪至少经历了四期富CO2幔源流体活动。高青-平南断裂带富CO2幔源流体对油气成藏的影响主要表现在：①直接形成无机CO2气藏;②通过能量——热的作用和物质,即CO2的加入,影响水-岩相互作用的强度和方向,从而改善油气储集层的物性;③在一定程度上提高源岩的排烃效率,增加油气的运移速率。     

中国铜矿床品位吨位模型

笔者等以1999年底的全国铜矿储量数据为基础,研究了中国铜矿不同成矿类型的品位吨位分布特征,在此基础上研究了中国斑岩型铜矿的品位、吨位分形特征。在研究铜矿的品位吨位特征的基础上,在矿产资源评价系统(MRAS)上集成MRAK3计算方式,进行全国的铜矿资源量预测评价。     

辽河油田稠油中贵金属分布和赋存状态研究

以辽河油田稠油为研究对象,通过原子吸收光谱、实沸点蒸馏等手段,研究了辽河油田稠油中Au、Ag、Pt和Pb等贵金属在不同馏分中的分布特征.结果表明,经过实沸点蒸馏后,贵金属不同沸程温度的原油馏分中含量和分布存在很大差异,Au、Ag、Pt、Pd主要集中在渣油馏分中,在沸点》508℃的渣油馏分中Au、Ag、Pt、Pd的比例分别是93.4%、76.9%、73.4%和68.0%;采用选择性萃取的方法对金在稠油中的存在形态的初步研究发现,金在稠油中主要以有机配合物和少量无机配合物形式存在.     

The reflection seismic survey of project TIPTEQ—the inventory of the Chilean subduction zone at 38.2° S

We describe results of an active-source seismology experiment across the Chilean subduction zone at 38.2°S. The seismic sections clearly show the subducted Nazca plate with varying reflectivity. Below the coast the plate interface occurs at 25 km depth as the sharp lower boundary of a 2–5 km thick, highly reflective region, which we interpret as the subduction channel, that is, a zone of subducted material with a velocity gradient with respect to the upper and lower plate. Further downdip along the seismogenic coupling zone the reflectivity decreases in the area of the presumed 1960 Valdivia hypocentre. The plate interface itself can be traced further down to depths of 50–60 km below the Central Valley. We observe strong reflectivity at the plate interface as well as in the continental mantle wedge. The sections also show a segmented forearc crust in the overriding South American plate. Major features in the accretionary wedge, such as the Lanalhue fault zone, can be identified. At the eastern end of the profile a bright west-dipping reflector lies perpendicular to the plate interface and may be linked to the volcanic arc.     

Taphonomic analysis of small mammal bone remains preyed upon by wildcats (Carnivora: Felidae) from the central Monte Desert (Mendoza,Argentina)

The present study analysed the taphonomic characteristics of small mammal bone accumulations produced by small felids in an area from the central Monte Desert (Mendoza, Argentina). In order to provide criteria to identify the role that these predators had in the formation of zooarchaeological assemblages, the anatomical representation, bone breakage patterns and degrees of digestive corrosion were evaluated. The main taphonomic results are: low average values for the relative abundance of skeletal elements; greater representation of mandibles, maxillae, isolated incisors, humeri and femora than the remaining elements; preponderance of cranial elements with high proportion of isolated teeth; elevated frequencies of proximal limb bones compared with distal parts; high degree of breakage in all skeletal elements and digestive corrosion on almost all diagnostic bones (mainly moderate and heavy). The values of the studied taphonomic variables indicate that small felids in this area made severe alterations to the bones of their prey (mainly rodents), attributable to the category of extreme modifier, while preserving enough skeletal elements to allow their taphonomic characterization. Tooth marks or grooves on bone surfaces produced by scratching and chewing were not detected. The low relative abundance of skeletal elements, the high degree of breakage and the elevated frequency of elements with digestion traces represent general taphonomic patterns that fall within those reported for other South American small carnivores.