双模紧耦合定时模块的技术实现

分析了BDS/GPS双模松耦合定时模块与紧耦合定时模块之间在成本、功耗、体积方面的差距,以及松耦合定时在完好性监测方面的不足,从而得出紧耦合在定时方面占优势的结论.详细阐述了紧耦合定时模块的硬件设计、定位原理、定时原理及策略,实验结果验证了紧耦合定时在完好性监测等方面的优势.     

Solar flare forecasting based on sequential sunspot data

It is widely believed that the evolution of solar active regions leads to solar flares. However, information about the evolution of solar active regions is not employed in most existing solar flare forecasting models. In the current work, a shortterm solar flare forecasting model is proposed, in which sequential sunspot data, including three days of information about evolution from active regions, are taken as one of the basic predictors. The sunspot area, the McIntosh classification, the magnetic classification and the radio flux are extracted and converted to a numerical format that is suitable for the current forecasting model. Based on these parameters, the sliding-window method is used to form the sequential data by adding three days of information about evolution. Then, multi-layer perceptron and learning vector quantization are employed to predict the flare level within 48 h. Experimental results indicate that the performance of the proposed flare forecasting model works better than previous models.     

新疆昭苏卡拉盖雷铜金矿床地质地球化学特征及成因探讨

卡拉盖雷铜金矿床位于新疆西天山那拉提构造带境内西段,为近年在该成矿带内发现的首例以Cu为主,伴生Au、Co等的火山岩型热液矿床。δD、δ18O分析结果表明,成矿流体在早—中阶段以岩浆热液为主,晚阶段有大气降水加入。δ34S分析结果表明,硫源主要来自深部地壳或上地幔,并有地层硫混入。铅同位素分析表明,矿区铅源为壳、幔混合俯冲带铅。辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄为(259.6±9.7)Ma,说明矿床早阶段的成矿年龄为早二叠世末期。笔者进一步探讨了矿床成因,认为大哈拉军山组火山岩为早期矿源层;在晚石炭世后碰撞伸展阶段,来自地壳深部的含矿岩浆热液沿区域深大断裂、火山通道及浅部断裂系统运移并萃取早期矿质元素,于有利构造部位形成矿体。     

乔治王岛东北海域大磷虾虾群构成分析

1985年1月在乔治王岛东北约25海里(水深460米)海域,曾观测到范围较大的大磷虾群.在约4海里范围内用垂直探鱼仪记录了虾群的映象,进行了水平拖网.对6网样品的分析结果表明,虾群组成相当均一.体长频数分布样品间的百分比相似性指数平均为84.3%,性成熟度组成频数分布的相似性指数平均为75.6%,说明这些样品属同一虾群.磷虾平均体长为46.8毫米,成体虾占群体的96.5%,表明它们为一生殖群体.群体分布水层在20—50米深,厚度一般为20米,平均密度为1400尾/千立方米.     

Ionospheric perturbations before Pu’er earthquake observed on DEMETER

A destructive shock with magnitude of 6.3 occurred on 2 June 2007 at 21h34min56s UT in Pu’er region (23.0°N, 101.1°E), Yunnan Province, China. The data from DEMETER satellite during the period from 23 May to 2 June, i.e., ten days before the earthquake and one day just on the day of earthquake occurrence, were analyzed. Among the 284 orbits of DEMETER during the period, 29 orbits with the trace passing through the region within 1 888 km from the epicenter were selected to be studied. Seven anomalous events were found on the dataset of the seven orbits among the 29 ones. There existed synchronous perturbations on the variations of the spectrogram of the electric field and the variations of the density and temperature of the ions and electron, in contrast with the variations of its surround- ing area. And five events appeared in the space within 1 888 km from the epicenter while the other two were out of the studied area. Electrostatic turbulences were also recorded with the synchronous perturbations with that in the electron density and ions density in plasma in the region near the epicenter in the five events, which seems to sug- gest that there be some physical relation between these events and the preparation processes of Pu’er earthquake.     

Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin,China

The reservoirs of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin have the characteristics of low compositional maturity, low contents of cements and medium textural maturity. The general physical properties of the reservoirs are poor, with low porosity and low permeability, and there are only a few reservoirs with medium porosity and low permeability in local areas. Based on the diagenetic mineral association, a diagenetic sequence of cements is established: early calcites (or micrite siderites) →first quartz overgrowth→chlorite coatings→dissolution of feldspars and debris→chlorite linings→ second quartz overgrowth (quartz widen or filled in remain intergranular pores and solution pores)→dissolution→third quartz overgrowth (quartz filled in intergranular and intragranular solution pores)→intergrowth (ferro) calcites→dolomites→ferro (calcites) dolomites→later dissolution→veins of quartz and calcites formation. Mechanical compaction is the main factor in making the reservoirs tight in the basin, followed by the second and third quartz overgrowth. In a long-term closed system, only feld-spars and some lithic fragments are dissolved by diagenetic fluids, while intergranular cements such as quartz and calcit are not dissolved and thus have little influence on the porosity of the Xujiahe Formation. This is the third factor that may have kept the sandstones of Xujiahe Formation tight finally. The hydrocarbon was extensively generated from organic materials after the second quartz overgrowth, and selectively entered favorable reservoirs to form tight sandstone gas reservoirs.     

中国西南喀斯特旅游景观区划研究

西南喀斯特集中分布在西南的广西、湖南、贵州、四川、云南、重庆等省、市、自治区,又以贵州高原、滇东高原和四川盆地南部和广西最具有代表性。根据区划理论的自然条件相似性与差异性原则、区域共轭性与景观整体性原则、综合主导性与简洁实用性原则,将西南喀斯特旅游景观划分为由滇东-东南高原山地喀斯特景观区、黔南-桂西北斜坡山地喀斯特景观区、黔中北高原山地喀斯特景观区、桂中盆地喀斯特景观区、渝东中山峡谷喀斯特景观区等5个喀斯特景观区,次一级的多个景观亚区、景观群、景观点构成的景观体系,并对各景观区组合特征进行了具体阐述。     

西部山区县级土地利用制图的尺度选择——以四川省甘孜州为例

针对西部山区县级土地利用总体规划修编工作中暴露出的制图尺度问题,以四川省甘孜州为例,在土地利用制图成果的基础上分析了该区内石渠、甘孜、乡城不同尺度的县级土地利用制图效果。通过对比,探讨了西部山区土地利用制图适宜尺度的选择。结果表明：（1）不同尺度下县级土地利用制图在保持精度前提下,更注重经费和人力投入来合理选择尺度。（2）西部山区土地详细规划制图宜采用大比例尺（1∶5万或更大）;县级重点城镇的土地详细规划,以1∶500或1∶1 000为主。土地利用总体规划制图,州级重点县可以考虑1∶1万-1∶5万尺度,重点城镇采用1∶1 000和1∶500;一般县宜采用1∶5万-1∶10万的尺度;而其他如位于高寒牧区的县可以采取1∶10万-1∶25万的数据。     

属性识别模型在艾比湖水质评价中的应用

根据新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州环境监测站对艾比湖5个代表性的监测断面最近5年的水质实测资料,结合熵权法和国家地表水环境质量标准系统地建立了属性识别模型,运用属性计算和属性得分详细评价了艾比湖的水质.模型评价结果表明:艾比湖的水质污染主要为氨氮、磷、砷的污染.就空间而言,湖心2水质较好,没有出现V类水质,其次为喇叭口,博乐河口与精河河口水质较差;就时间而言,2003年各监测断面水质均属I类,之后逐渐恶化,到2008年半数以上的监测断面属于V类水质,且与改进密切值法的评价结果比较,结果较吻合.采用属性识别模型评价湖泊水质,概念清晰,计算简单,评价结果客观、合理,可以反映出艾比湖水质的现状,是湖泊水质评价中简便实用的评价方法之一.     

贵州喀斯特农业生产中多种矿物元素液态肥的应用效果分析

为改变贵州喀斯特地区农产品产出率低、品质差的现状,从喀斯特生态地质环境脆弱、土壤缺少微量元素等特征入手,利用富含矿物元素的硅酸盐岩,开发生产多元素液态矿物肥料,补偿喀斯特地区农作物生长需要的矿物营养元素。2002年以来经100多个农户及贵州省各地土肥站、农业科研生产部门在贵州喀斯特地区十几个县市进行了700多亩种植试验,获得了农作物产量增加和农产品质量提高的效果。施用多元素液态矿物肥种植的水稻、玉米、辣椒、油菜、烤烟、水果及蔬菜等20多个农作物,其90%以上的作物增产超过5%,70%增产超过10%,农产品的蛋白质提高1～2个百分点,稻谷支链淀粉提高2.7%,果实的外观色、香、味、形得到明显改观。实践证明施用多元素液态矿物肥料是提高喀斯特地区农产品产出率的新途径。