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101.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were measured in the tissues of the estuarine clamRangia cuneata at four sites in the Neches River that had been subjected to paper mill effluent and at two remote sites. One of the river samplings was taken before dioxin control measures and another 2 yr after the control measures began. Measurable concentrations of PCDD/Fs were present at all sites, but higher concentrations were present at the Neches River sites. Whole tissue concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) and all PCDD congeners for the two collections were not significantly different (p>0.05), but lipid-normalized concentrations for the two collections were significantly different (p<0.05). Highest concentrations of PCDDs at sites located 8 km and 16 km upriver from the paper mill effluent outfall indicated that the materials were transported upriver by saltwater intrusion and/or that nonpoint sources existed upriver. The presences of PCDD/Fs in clam tissues from the remote sites also indicated that other sources of these materials existed. Even under extreme physiological conditions (spent reproductive phase, low lipid contents, water temperature 10°C; ripe reproductive phase, high lipids, water temperature 32°C)Rangia cuneata was an effective biomonitor to determine the distribution of PCDD/Fs at specific sites. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY069 00021 相似文献
102.
Richard B. Wheeler John B. Anderson Rudy R. Schwarzer Claudia L. Hokanson 《Environmental Geology》1980,3(3):163-175
Sediments are the ultimate sink for contaminants in the marine environment, and physical processes of sedimentation influence
the distribution and accumulation of these contaminants. Evaluation of contaminant levels in sediments is one approach to
assessing environmental impact; data interpretation depends on consideration of sediment texture and mineralogy, however,
which profoundly influence chemical composition. In this study, comparison of potentially contaminated sediments from the
production field with control populations was done only within the context of similar (as to texture and organic carbon and
carbonate content) sample groups as determined by cluster analysis. Ba, Cd, and Sr are identified as contaminants. Supported
by the identification of a well-crystallized expandable clay—possibly bentonite—drilling fluids are a potential source of
Ba. Ba and Sr may be unnaturally high because of their abundance in discharged produced formation waters, but may also be
naturally controlled by the unique faunal assemblage associated with the structures. Cd is probably derived from corrosion
of the structures and assorted debris on the seafloor. In general, contamination is limited to an area within 100 m of the
platforms. Furthermore, substantial erosion around platforms has probably effectively removed and dispersed the bulk of the
contaminants introduced into the marine environment by the offshore exploration/production operations. 相似文献
103.
104.
105.
Holocene changes in seasonal precipitation highlighted by fire incidence in eastern Canada 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Postglacial fire history has been reconstructed for eastern Canada from charcoal-influx anomalies from 30 sites taken from
a lacustrine charcoal database. The reconstruction exhibits coherent patterns of fire occurrence in space and time. The early
Holocene is characterised by high fire incidence. There is a major change to much lower occurrence slightly after 8 ka BP.
A return to more fire appears after 3 ka BP. This sequence does not fit with the hydro-climatic reconstruction deduced from
lake level reconstructions for northeastern North America, which indicates a dry early and mid-Holocene, and a wet late-Holocene.
Fire occurrence however closely matches summer relative humidity inferred from δ18O. The differences between fire frequency and lake level history, are due to changes in the seasonality of precipitation and
drought frequency. Lake levels are essentially controlled by winter precipitation while summer precipitation controls fire
occurrence. The early Holocene before 8–7.5 ka BP experienced dry summers due to higher solar radiation and dry adiabatic
winds from the residual Laurentide Ice Sheet. The middle Holocene was dominated by wet summers due to stability of the Atlantic
air mass over eastern Canada. After 2.5 ka BP, summers became drier, albeit not as fire-conducive as during the early Holocene.
Late-Holocene summers conducive to fire are explained by more frequent incursions of dry Cool Pacific or Cold Arctic air masses
over eastern Canada.
Received: 25 January 1999 / Accepted: 14 December 1999 相似文献
106.
Richard A. Feely 《Marine Chemistry》1975,3(2):121-156
During cruises 71-A-12 and 73-A-3 of the R/V “Alaminos” eighty-six samples of suspended matter at eleven near-bottom stations in the Gulf of Mexico and northwestern Caribbean Sea were collected, and simultaneously, values for light scattering were measured. Selected samples of the suspended matter were analyzed for particulate aluminum, silicon, iron, calcium, magnesium, organic carbon and inorganic carbon. The results indicate that a permanent but highly variable near-bottom nepheloid layer exists in the Gulf of Mexico but not in the northwestern Caribbean Sea. Average total-suspended loads in the Gulf of Mexico nepheloid layer are two times higher than in the clear water above the nepheloid layer.Since there is a significant increase in the alumino-silicate fraction and a corresponding decrease in the organic fraction of the suspended matter in the nepheloid layer relative to the overlying water, it appears that sediments are the most probable source of the increased concentrations of suspended matter in the nepheloid layer. This hypothesis is supported by X-ray diffraction analyses on the nepheloid material collected at one station which show the same mineral assemblages as the underlying sediments.Time studies over periods of one week and one and one-half years showed large total-suspended-matter variations which indicate that non steady-state processes, primarily vertical eddy diffusion and possibly advection, are controlling the distribution of suspended matter in the nepheloid layer. 相似文献
107.
Moraine ridges and mounds of inferred Loch Lomond Stadial (LLS) age have been mapped at three sites (Fordingdale, Swindale and Wet Sleddale) in part of the eastern Lake District, northern England, and indicate glaciers were more widespread than envisaged by Sissons (1980, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, Vol. 71, pp. 13–27). The moraines delimit closely the downslope/downvalley limits of the former glaciers but there is no geomorphological evidence with which to define their upslope/upvalley margins. The former glaciers are considered to have been nourished within the confines of their individual valley, cirque and hillside embayment respectively, rather than being outlet glaciers of plateau icefields. Estimated equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) are within the range of values determined previously for LLS glaciers in the Lake District and do not necessitate revision of established palaeoclimatic parameters. Individual ELAs were probably influenced by local factors; all three former glaciers had accumulation-area aspects between north and east, limiting the impact of direct solar radiation during the ablation season, and were adjacent to extensive areas of high ground to the west and/or south that would have facilitated transfer of snow to their surfaces by winds from those directions. In Fordingdale, three essentially contemporaneous depositional landforms occur upslope of the moraines and are considered to represent hillslope adjustments following wastage of glacier ice from the site. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
108.
Classifications of urban settlements have traditionally used total employment data in place of basic (export-oriented) employment data. While urban analysis agree upon the superiority of basic employment data for these classifications, usually only total employment data are available. This paper uses the Arizona Community Data Set, a unique survey-generated body of information that describes the major economic characteristics of numerous Southwestern communities and includes both basic and total employment data, to explore the extent to which misclassification results when using total employment data. 相似文献
109.
110.
在合适的实验参数下(热力Rossby数R_(OT)=0.1,Taylor数T_a=2.2 ×10~7),在旋转斜压流中,大尺度地形强迫造成低频振荡以及大气环流中的“阻塞”流型。这是由于地形强迫造成的准静止波与行进波的相互作用及共振引起的。地形把波数单一的流动变成多波数的流动。地形强迫使波数减少。 相似文献