全文获取类型
收费全文 | 466篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 7篇 |
大气科学 | 50篇 |
地球物理 | 126篇 |
地质学 | 169篇 |
海洋学 | 81篇 |
天文学 | 31篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
自然地理 | 27篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 21篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 30篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 25篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 39篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 28篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 25篇 |
2006年 | 14篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有495条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
421.
Bruno Monnier Sepehr A. Goudarzi Ricardo Vinuesa Candace Wark 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2018,166(2):239-268
Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry was used to provide a three-dimensional characterization of the flow around a simplified urban model defined by a 5 by 7 array of blocks, forming four parallel streets, perpendicular to the incoming wind direction corresponding to a zero angle of incidence. Channeling of the flow through the array under consideration was observed, and its effect increased as the incoming wind direction, or angle of incidence (AOI), was changed from \(0^{\circ }\) to \(15^{\circ }\), \(30^{\circ }\), and \(45^{\circ }\). The flow between blocks can be divided into two regions: a region of low turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) levels close to the leeward side of the upstream block, and a high TKE area close to the downstream block. The centre of the arch vortex is located in the low TKE area, and two regions of large streamwise velocity fluctuation bound the vortex in the spanwise direction. Moreover, a region of large spanwise velocity fluctuation on the downstream block is found between the vortex legs. Our results indicate that the reorientation of the arch vortex at increasing AOI is produced by the displacement of the different TKE regions and their interaction with the shear layers on the sides and top of the upstream and downstream blocks, respectively. There is also a close connection between the turbulent structure between the blocks and the wind gusts. The correlations among gust components were also studied, and it was found that in the near-wall region of the street the correlations between the streamwise and spanwise gusts \(R_{uv}\) were dominant for all four AOI cases. At higher wall-normal positions in the array, the \(R_{uw}\) correlation decreased with increasing AOI, whereas the \(R_{uv}\) coefficient increased as AOI increased, and at \({\textit{AOI}}=45^{\circ }\) all three correlations exhibited relatively high values of around 0.4. 相似文献
422.
正The Laguna Mar Chiquita,located northeast of the province of Córdoba in Argentina,is the only non-Andean place where three flamingo species regularly coexist in the southern part of South America.Two of these species, 相似文献
423.
Copper speciation in continental inputs to the Vigo Ria: sewage discharges versus river fluxes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Continental inputs of copper via rivers and sewage into the Vigo Ria were evaluated. The main fluvial input is not contaminated and the most degraded discharges occur on the southern margin of the middle ria. Continental inputs of copper and ligands to the ria are dominated by sewage treatment plants (136 mol Cu day(-1), 124 mol L day(-1)) supported by rivers (15 mol Cu day(-1), 21 mol L day(-1)). The dissolved fraction is the main channel of discharge for rivers (66%) with particulate matter being predominant in sewage (63%). Dissolved copper is organically complexed both in rivers (99.8%) and sewage (99.9%). This minor difference may be attributed to the fact that the stability of sewage complexes is greater than those in rivers. Moreover, ligand concentrations are higher in sewage than in rivers. Thus, the natural continental inputs of copper and ligands into the ria are magnified by anthropogenic inputs (5-15 and 3-5 times higher for copper and ligands, respectively). 相似文献
424.
Patricia Bernrdez Ricardo Prego Manuel Varela Guillermo Francs 《Continental Shelf Research》2008,28(17):2496-2508
Modern diatom distribution patterns in the surface sediment of the Ferrol Ría and their relationship to the hydrography and diatom patterns in the water column were studied to determine the hydrographic influence on the record of these biogenic components. Diatom abundance in the water column was assessed for different oceanographic periods and compared with the biosiliceous sedimentary record. Very low abundances were found in the water column during the winter, whereas in spring and summer, diatoms proliferated. Chaetoceros spp. formed the bulk of the water column community during spring and summer, followed by Thalassionema nitzschioides and Rhizosolenia spp. Nitzschia longissima represented a significant portion of the winter assemblage, together with Paralia sulcata and benthic taxa. Leptocylindrus danicus, N. longissima and Skeletonema costatum characterized the autumn campaign, when stratification of the waters occurs, with L. danicus being especially abundant in the outer ría.Seasonal hydrographic and associated productivity patterns govern the abundance and assemblage of the diatoms preserved in surface sediments. Samples located in the inner ría area and its margins exhibited the highest abundances of diatoms, and were primarily dominated by benthic species. The freshwater group, crysophycean cysts and phytoliths were present in the landward stations influenced by river runoff. The middle ría was characterized by P. sulcata and Thalassiosira spp., with minor occurrences of the benthic and freshwater group. Chaetoceros R.S., L. danicus R.S. and T. nitzschioides typified the outer ría, an assemblage that corresponds to nutrient-rich coastal areas of high productivity influenced by oceanic waters, demonstrating the impact of oceanic waters flowing into the embayment due to enhanced tidal mixing through the narrow channel. Therefore, sediment diatom assemblages reflect diatom production patterns in the water column of the Ría. However, we must proceed with caution when interpreting the paleorecord in the inner area due to the high contribution of allochthonous taxa, which is indicative of low water depths. This paper contributes to a better understanding of diatom thanatocoenosis in the Galician Rías, where very few studies of this kind have been done to date. 相似文献
425.
Vinícius dos Santos Marcelo Dias de Oliveira Jan Boll Ricardo Snchez‐Murillo Amauri Antonio Menegrio Luiz Felippe Gozzo Didier Gastmans 《水文研究》2019,33(4):647-660
Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature variations interact with processes of atmospheric circulation, creating conditions for the occurrence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO events represent the most important interannual phenomena affecting climate patterns worldwide and causing significant socio‐economic impacts. In the Brazilian territory, ENSO leads to an increase in drought episodes in the north‐eastern region and an increase in precipitation in the southern region, whereas the effects over the south‐east region are yet not well understood. The main goal of this study is to compare variations of isotopic composition in precipitation across the south‐east portion of the Brazilian territory during two very strong ENSO events: 1997–1998 (ENSO 1) and 2014–2016 (ENSO 2). Daily isotopic records, available from the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation database for ENSO 1, and samples collected during ENSO 2 were used to compare the influence of both events on the isotopic composition of precipitation. Seasonal variations indicated more depleted precipitation during the wet seasons (δ18O = ?5.4 ± 4.0‰) and enriched precipitation during the dry seasons (δ18O = ?2.8 ± 2.3‰). Observed rainfall variations were associated with atmospheric large‐scale processes and moisture transport from the Amazon region, whereas extreme values (enriched or depleted) appear to be associated with particular convective and stratiform precipitation events. Overall, more depleted isotopic composition of precipitation (δ18O = ?4.60‰) and higher d‐excess (up to +15‰) were observed during the dry season of ENSO 1 when compared with ENSO 2 dry season (δ18O‰ = ?2.80‰, d‐excess lower than +14‰). The latter is explained by greater atmospheric moisture content, particularly associated with recycling of transpiration fluxes from the Amazon region, during dry season of ENSO 1. No significant differences for δ18O and δ2H were observed during the wet season; however, d‐excess from ENSO 2 was greater than ENSO 1, due to the slightly greater atmospheric moisture content and very strong upward motion observed. Our findings highlight the opportunity that environmental isotopes offer towards understanding hydrometeorological processes, particularly, the evolution of extreme climatic events of global resonance such as ENSO. 相似文献
426.
Ricardo A. Olea Vera Pawlowsky-Glahn 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(6):749-757
The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test is a convenient method for investigating whether two underlying univariate probability distributions
can be regarded as undistinguishable from each other or whether an underlying probability distribution differs from a hypothesized
distribution. Application of the test requires that the sample be unbiased and the outcomes be independent and identically
distributed, conditions that are violated in several degrees by spatially continuous attributes, such as topographical elevation.
A generalized form of the bootstrap method is used here for the purpose of modeling the distribution of the statistic D of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The innovation is in the resampling, which in the traditional formulation of bootstrap is
done by drawing from the empirical sample with replacement presuming independence. The generalization consists of preparing
resamplings with the same spatial correlation as the empirical sample. This is accomplished by reading the value of unconditional
stochastic realizations at the sampling locations, realizations that are generated by simulated annealing. The new approach
was tested by two empirical samples taken from an exhaustive sample closely following a lognormal distribution. One sample
was a regular, unbiased sample while the other one was a clustered, preferential sample that had to be preprocessed. Our results
show that the p-value for the spatially correlated case is always larger that the p-value of the statistic in the absence of spatial correlation, which is in agreement with the fact that the information content
of an uncorrelated sample is larger than the one for a spatially correlated sample of the same size. 相似文献
427.
Franciane de Carvalho Gomes Jos Marcus Godoy Maria Luiza D.P. Godoy Zenildo Lara de Carvalho Ricardo Tadeu Lopes Joan Albert Sanchez-Cabeza Luiz Drude de Lacerda Julio Cesar Wasserman 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,59(4-7):123
Three sediment cores were sampled at Sepetiba Bay and four cores at Ribeira Bay, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Sediment accumulation rates and chronologies were obtained from 210Pb activity-depth profiles. Sediment accumulation rates in Ribera Bay ranged from 1.2 mm y−1 in the inner bay to 2.6 mm y−1 close to its entrance. In Sepetiba Bay two sediment accumulation rates were observed: a lower rate of 0.35 cm y−1 before the 1960s and 0.76 cm y−1 since then. The cause of this change is due to the construction of the Santa Cecília impoundment (1955) that brings water from the Paraíba do Sul Basin into the Guandu River, which increased its flow from the original 20 m3 s−1 to 160 m3 s−1. Concentration of 44 elements was obtained by ICP-MS after total dissolution of samples from two selected cores. The relative differences between the concentrations of crustal elements, such as Al, Fe and Ti are only about 20% (p < 0.05). Cd and Zn are 15 and four times larger in Sepetiba Bay than in Ribeira Bay, respectively. Other major and minor elements show lower statistically significant differences. The enrichment factors and metal inventories show that Sepetiba Bay can be considered polluted with Bi, Cd, Cr, Cu, Sb and Zn. Particularly, Cd and Zn present concentrations three and four times higher than the Brazilian existing limits. 相似文献
428.
Kaiser Jlia Nogueira Izabel C. M. Campos Ricardo M. Parente Carlos E. Martins Renato P. Belo Wellington C. 《Ocean Dynamics》2022,72(2):137-150
Ocean Dynamics - This paper evaluates the performance of the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III for the South Atlantic Ocean forced by wind inputs from the most recent reanalyses, NCEP/CFSR and... 相似文献
429.
A model of the carbon dioxide system in nature is derived and is used to further our understanding of the factors which control
this system in the oceans, the atmosphere, and the sediments. 相似文献
430.