Relationship and its instability of ENSO--Chinese variations in droughts and wet spells

Monthly data of Self-Calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from 1951 to 2000 are calculated using historical precipitation and temperature data for Chinese 160 stations. Temporal and spatial pat-terns of the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of the PDSI reveals a fairly linear trend resulting from trends in precipitation and surface temperature, which is similar to the linear PDSI trend during 1951―2000 calculated using all monthly data. The EOF analysis also reveals that the leading mode correlates significantly with ENSO events in time and space. The ENSO EOF shows that during the typical warm phase of ENSO, surface conditions are drier in most regions of China, especially North China, but wetter than normal in the southern regions of Changjiang River, and Northwest China. During the typical cold phase of ENSO, these anomalies reverse sign. From 1951 to 2000, there are large multi-year to decadal variations in droughts and wet spells over China, which are all closely related to strong El Nio events. In other words, when one strong El Nio event happens, there is a possible big variability in droughts and wet spells over China on the multi-year or decadal scale. Studies also sug-gest that during the last 2―3 decades climate changes over China, especially North China's drying and northwest China's wetting, are closely related to the shift in ENSO towards warmer events and global warming since the late 1970s. The instability of the relationship is also studied. It is revealed that there is a good correlation between ENSO and Chinese variations in droughts and wet spells in the 3―8-year band, but the correlation between ENSO and Chinese variations in droughts and wet spells is instable. Studies suggest that there are decadal changes in the correlation: the wavelet coherency between ENSO and Chinese variations in droughts and wet spells is high during 1951―1962 and 1976―1991, but low during 1963―1975 and 1992―2000.     

The New Discoveries of Sinanthropus pekinensis and Their Bearing on the Sinanthropus and Pithecanthropus Problems

In my publication on the Choukoutien population published lastyear I gave a list of all the Sinanthropus material available at that time.Since then only a few new discoveries have been made which, althoughfew in number, are of the greatest importance.     

Horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland before and after the great Kunlun Mountain M=8.1 earthquake in 2001

Introduction The great Kunlun Mountain earthquake occurred on November 14, 2001 on the border be-tween Xinjiang and Qinghai in west China (36.2N, 90.9E). It was the largest earthquake oc-curred in Chinese mainland in the last 50 years. The Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) established in 1998 mainly for the purpose of earthquake prediction with only 25 fiducial stations for continuous GPS observations, has recorded the precious information of the crustal movement …     

基于X-Bridge的土地整理项日审批平台建设

本文首先介绍了国家土地开发整理项目管理信息系统的开发背景,接着对系统采用的X-Bridge平台的基本概念和工作原理进行了分析然后针对基于X-Bridge平台建设土地整理项目审批平台的实现原理、技术方法和主要功能进行了详细的阐述。该审批平台是整个国土资源部土地开发整理项目管理信息系统中的重要组成部分,是一个相对独立的系统。最后对平台成果进行了小结,证明了该系统的先进性、稳定性及待完善的工作。     

二连盆地巴音都兰凹陷早白垩世构造岩相带特征及含油性

在系统观察岩心的基础上，从单井相分析入手，结合地震相和测井相模式，以及大量岩矿、粒度等分析化验资料，对巴音都兰凹陷下白垩统巴彦花群的物源方向、沉积体系、构造岩相带及含油性进行了研究。认为区内具有东、西两大物源区、五大水系控制着十一个砂体的平面展布，最终，划分了扇三角洲等五种沉积体系，总结出具平台型陡坡扇三角洲等六种构造岩相带，并着重对有别于典型单断箕状凹陷的三种构造岩相带的含油性进行了初步探讨。     

中国大陆部分构造单元出露地壳与全球大陆上地壳化学成分的比较——对地壳演化的制约和思考

根据中国东部上地壳区域元素丰度研究和新疆北部地区1∶20万化探成果,总结了23个二级大地构造单元出露地壳的元素地球化学特征。与全球大陆上地壳元素丰度值的对比显示,中国大陆出露地壳成分演化程度介于岛弧与成熟的加拿大地盾之间。华北、扬子地台由于含大量碳酸盐岩地层,其出露地壳SiO2含量偏低,明显富集CaO和MgO,可见在出露地壳和上地壳元素丰度值研究中不应忽视碳酸盐岩的贡献。相对于最新发表的2种全球大陆上地壳平均成分模型,中国大陆出露地壳系统亏损Au、Hg、Mo、Sn和W,表明现有上地壳模型过高地估计了Au、Hg、Mo、Sn、W等元素丰度值。华北地台及其南缘的秦岭-大别山造山带出露地壳具低μ(238U/204Pb)值(<8)特征,但其他地区μ值较高,暗示华北地台及其周边地区出露地壳的低μ值特点不具备全球意义。鉴于中国大陆内部各构造单元之间出露地壳成分的显著横向差异,以华北地台为主体的上地壳成分模型目前尚无充分理由作为中国和全球大陆上地壳平均值的可靠代表。     

岷江干旱河谷植被分类及其主要类型

沿岷江干旱河谷(流域-海拔梯度)剖面线设置“U”形样带3条，对植被和环境因子进行了调查，就岷江干旱河谷调查的48个样方，151个物种创建样地一物种数据库，应用TWINSPAN植被数量分类方法进行分类，并根据中国植被的分类原则和调查的样地物种组成特征，对数量分类的结果进行适度调整，建立了岷江干旱河谷地区植被(生态系统)分类系统。将岷江干旱河谷的植被划分为11个群系，18个群丛，均为灌丛单一类型。11个群系分别为：绣线菊灌丛、小花滇紫草灌丛、黄花亚菊灌丛、莸灌丛、驼绒藜灌丛、小马鞍羊蹄甲-白刺花灌丛、瑞香灌丛、西南野丁香灌丛、檀子栎灌丛、金花小檗-忍冬灌丛、华帚菊-小黄素馨灌丛。     

Lithospheric Structure in the North China Craton Constrained from Gravity Field Model(EGM 2008)

A detailed knowledge of the thickness of the lithosphere in the North China craton(NCC) is important for understanding the significant tectonic reactivation of the craton in Mesozoic and Ce-nozoic.We achieve this goal by applying the newly proposed continuous wavelet transform theory to the Gravity Field Model(EGM 2008) data in the region.Distinct structural variations are identified in the scalogram image of profile Alxa-Datong(大同)-Qingdao(青岛)-Yellow Sea(profile ABC),trans-versing the main units of NCC,whi...     

巴东城区黄土坡滑坡与迁建新址地质环境分析

为保证三峡库区巴东组易滑地层区城市规划发展地质安全,采用系统分析与类比的方法,探讨了非正常斜坡地质环境的开发利用与保护问题.巴东城区黄土坡滑坡是一个多期次形成的特大型复合变形体,系统分析表明,在三峡水库运行条件下,该滑坡前缘稳定性较差,但整体基本稳定,仍可限制性加以利用,实施部分搬迁避险是必要的.从整体而论,迁建新址区与黄土坡滑坡区地质环境条件类同,即同属三峡库区,由巴东组易滑地层组成、以顺向坡体结构为主要特色的斜坡地质环境,发育多个影响较大的滑坡,显现出地质环境比较脆弱的一面,利用时仍须加以限制.通过加强地质灾害防治体系建设和风险管制,能保证两区规划发展在允许风险水平条件下的地质安全.      

皖南—浙西下古生界碳沥青成因及南方海相“有效烃源岩”问题探讨

赋存于皖南—浙西的固体碳沥青分为古油藏裂解碳沥青和古油藏破坏次生充填碳沥青两种类型 ,阐明了两类碳沥青的不同成因机制。重新认定了浙西“康山沥青脉”为碳沥青而不是泥岩。论证了皖南、浙西碳沥青的烃源为下寒武统、中—上奥陶统至下志留统、中—上寒武统等。认为加里东运动—广西事件期间是下扬子盆地相区以下寒武统黑页岩为烃源的油藏形成和部分破坏的主要时期。针对南方的油气勘探 ,提出了只有在晚期成藏中作出贡献的源岩才是“有效烃源岩”的新概念。