南海“耗氧”及“贫氧”水体中消耗氧与硝酸盐和磷酸盐再生比值估算

通过对南海深海区硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐垂直分布的研究,分析了南海垂向耗氧和贫氧水体中硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐和表观耗氧量之间的关系.结果表明垂向上次表层、中层和深层水团中氧的消耗与营养盐再生比值均小于理论值,由此推断水体的混合为有机物再矿化提供氧的补充,但水团混合对水柱中硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐的影响不大,在次表层和中层水团中造成营养盐浓度变化主要是由于有机物再矿化的结果;在深层水团中有机物再矿化对水柱中营养盐梯度变化已不占主导地位.     

Co–rich Mn crusts from the Magellan Seamount cluster: the long journey through time

The Magellan seamounts began forming as large submarine shield volcanoes south of the equator during the Cretaceous. These volcanoes formed as a cluster on the small Pacific plate in a period when tectonic stress was absent. Thermal subsidence of the seafloor led to sinking of these volcanoes and the formation of guyots as the seamounts crossed the equatorial South Pacific (10–0°S) sequentially and ocean surface temperatures became too high for calcareous organisms to survive. Guyot formation was completed between about 59 and 45 Ma and the guyots became phosphatized at about 39–34 and 27–21 Ma. Ferromanganese crusts began formation as proto-crusts on the seamounts and guyots of the Magellan Seamount cluster towards the end of the Cretaceous up to 55 Ma after the formation of the seamounts themselves. The chemical composition of these crusts evolved over time in a series of steps in response to changes in global climate and ocean circulation. The great thickness of these crusts (up to 15–20 cm) reflects their very long period of growth. The high Co contents of the outer parts of the crusts are a consequence of the increasing deep circulation of the ocean and the resulting deepening of the oxygen minimum zone with time. Growth of the Co-rich Mn crusts in the Magellan Seamount cluster can be considered to be the culmination of a long journey through time.     

“深空大地测量导论”课程建设和教材编写的思考

介绍了"深空大地测量学导论"课程教材编写的背景、阐述了"深空大地测量学导论"教材编写的基本思路、总结了"深空大地测量学导论"教材的编写的特色.     

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长8储层特低渗透成因分析与评价

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长8储层的物性总体较差,发育粒间孔、溶孔,孔隙结构类型属小孔隙、微细喉道和微喉道型;分析表明其特低渗透成因主要受沉积作用和成岩作用的共同影响,不同沉积微相储层的物性差异较大,柔性组分含量高、粒度细和成分成熟度较低是造成储层特低渗透特征的主要原因;同时成岩压实、胶结作用使得储层的孔隙度减小、渗透性变差,而溶蚀作用和少量成岩微裂缝的产生又在很大程度上改善了储层的特低渗透性能;水下分流河道与河口坝砂体是研究区主要储层的分布相带.     

Study on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin

Studies on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin, which is regarded as a key ecological shelter, will contribute to flood control and environmental protection for the Upper Yangtze River Basin. In two typical catchments--the Fujiang River Catchment and the Wujiang River Catchment, rainfall simulations have been conducted to study the rain-runoff processes of yellow soil and limestone soil in three types of land use--forestland, farmland and grassland. Results showed that （1） within the same rainfall process, overland flow occurs first on farmland, then on grassland, and finally on forestland; （2） soil surface coverage has a great impact on the occurrence and amount of overland flow. The runoff amount can increase 2-4 times after the coverage is removed; （3） the infiltration before the occurrence of overland flow will decrease because of higher gravel contents of soil, but it takes no effect on infiltration once overland flow becomes stable; （4） the runoff coefficient of the limestone soil forestland is greater than that of the yellow soil forest land, but less than that of the farmland; （5） three empirical infiltration models, including Horton＇ model, Kostiakov＇ model, and modified Kostiakov＇ model, were compared by using the observed results under rainfall simulation. The results showed that the Kostiakov＇ model performed better than both the Horton＇ model and modified Kostiakov model. According to the results of this research, the Kostiakov＇s model can be used to simulate rainfall infiltration when water erosion is modeled in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin.     

Simulation experiment on hydrocarbon generating potential of various source rocks on the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin,Qinghai, China

The northern margin of the Qaidam Basin is one of the main oil-gas exploration areas in western China, where source rocks are composed mostly of Middle and Lower Jurassic dark mud shale, carbargillite and coal. A large number of subsurface and outcrop samples differing in lithology with different types of organic matter were selected for resource evaluation, research and calculation. And among them, 13 samples were used for simulation experiment on hydrocarbon generating potential of various source rocks. At first, two kinds of heating modes were compared through simulation experiment, including single temperature-step heating and continual heating. Perhaps, the process of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion occurred naturally between a close system and an open system. In addition, the first heating mode was convenient, and all its reaction products were involved in the whole thermal evolution, and the final simulation experimental results were basically in consistency with the natural evolution trend Therefore, the first heating mode was adopted and the hydrocarbon yield of every sample was worked out. According to the type and lithology of organic matter and the hydrocarbon yield of samples for simulation experiment, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mode with three kinds of lithology and five types of source rock has been established to provide the basis for hydrocarbon generation evaluation, research and resource calculation.     

基于GIS的长江南京段图档管理系统的设计与实现

系统地论述应用GIS技术、数据库技术建立图档管理信息系统,该系统界面友好,操作简单,能够较好解决图档的版本化管理问题,便于各种层次的管理人员使用。     

国土资源数据分析及其整合与集成

本文详细分析了国土资源数据特点、综合数据来源、产生方式和使用方法等方面,对数据进行了分类,比较了不同的数据格式。在此基础上,阐述了国土资源数据的集成框架,讨论了数据整合和集成的方法和流程,提出了数据整合与集成的三种框架问题。     

编程计算器fx-4850P与fx-5800P的区别与程序转换

fx-4000系列工程机曾在我国测绘与工程建设企业及学校得到广泛应用。2008年3月,卡西欧在全球范围停产fx-4000工程机并推出换代机型fx-5800P后,我国的工程机用户将普遍面临fx-4000机型程序转换为fx-5800P程序的问题。以fx-4850P为例,深入探讨其与fx-5800P程序语言的主要区别与程序转换方法,并用多个案例说明各种程序转换方法的特点。     

国内绝对重力观测比对

介绍2006年和2008年中国地震局地震研究所与国家测绘局第一测量大队绝对重力测量比对的概况,分析观测和比对结果表明,绝对重力仪FG5/214与FG5/232具有较好的一致性,二者几乎不存在系统误差.FG5/214与FG5/232具有较强的抗干扰能力,重复性很好,内符合测量精度为±(2～3)μCal.