基于背景噪声的宁夏及邻区瑞利波层析成像

In this article,the vertical components of the continuous waveform data of 90 seismic stations in Ningxia and its adjacent regions recorded from January 2012 to December 2013 are used to obtain the Rayleigh surface wave group velocity dispersion images in the study area( 101°- 112°E,31°-42°N) according to the method of noise imaging,with period between 6s - 50s and resolution of 0.5°. The Yinchuan basin in the 6s - 26 s period obviously shows a low velocity anomaly,which is not uniform and has a tendency to gradually weaken; the Guanzhong Basin in 6 s-22s shows a strip of low velocity anomaly and demonstrates a transverse inhomogeneity,where velocity in the southeast is slightly faster than that in the northwest. In the 30s - 50s period it shows that in the Yinchuan graben basin and its southern area,there is a large low velocity anomaly area,which moves from northeast to southwest. It shows that between the main active tectonic zones,like mountains and basins,there are obvious geomorphologic boundaries. For example,the deep fault near Liupan Mountain is the dividing line between two large tectonic units of eastern and western of China. The inversion results have good correlation with the geological structure and the stratigraphic landform. The results are consistent with the results of artificial seismic section tomography across the basin. It provides an important basis for the dynamics of active tectonic zones and the mechanism of earthquake occurrence in this area.     

Discovery of High Proper-Motion Ancient White Dwarfs: Nearby Massive Compact Halo Objects?

We present the discovery and spectroscopic identification of two very high proper-motion ancient white dwarf stars, found in a systematic proper-motion survey. Their kinematics and apparent magnitude clearly indicate that they are halo members, while their optical spectra are almost identical to the recently identified cool halo white dwarf WD 0346+246. Canonical stellar halo models predict a white dwarf volume density that is 2 orders of magnitude less than the rho approximately 7x10-4 M middle dot in circle pc-3 inferred from this survey. With the caveat that the sample size is very small, it appears that a significant fraction, approximately 10%, of the local dark matter halo is in the form of very old, cool, white dwarfs.     

Solar GLAO and TAO:performance comparisons

Multi-conjugate adaptive optics(MCAO),consisting of several deformable mirrors(DMs),can significantly increase the adaptive optics(AO)correction field of view.Current MCAO can be realized by either star-oriented or layer-oriented approaches.For solar AO,ground-layer adaptive optics(GLAO)can be viewed as an extreme case of layer-oriented MCAO in which the DM is conjugated to the ground,while solar tomography adaptive optics(TAO)that we proposed recently can be viewed as star-oriented MCAO with only one DM.Solar GLAO and TAO use the same hardware as conventional solar AO,and therefore it will be important to see which method can deliver better performance.In this article,we compare the performance of solar GLAO and TAO by using end-to-end numerical simulation software.Numerical simulations of TAO and GLAO with different numbers of guide stars are conducted.Our results show that TAO and GLAO produce the same performance if the DM is conjugated to the ground,but TAO can only generate better performance when the DM is conjugated to the best height.This result has important application in existing one-DM solar AO systems.     

Cotton Fiber/ZrO2, A New Material for Adsorption of Cr(VI) Ions in Water

The natural cotton fiber was used to synthesize an anion exchange, containing ZrO₂ film on its surface, NCFZC (natural cotton fiber/ZrO₂ composite). This anion exchanger was produced by the reaction of the zirconium oxychloride and hydroxyl groups on surface of the natural cotton fiber. The material was used for Cr(VI) ions adsorption studies. Adsorption equilibrium time and optimum pH for Cr(VI) adsorption were found to be 6 h and 4.0, respectively. The Langmuir and Temkin isotherms were used to models adsorption equilibrium data. The adsorption capacity of NCFZC was found to be 1.33 mmol/g. Kinetic studies showed that the rate of adsorption of Cr(VI) on NCFZC obeyed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model.     

C3植物光合作用日变化的模拟

对前人光合作用-气孔导度耦合模型进行了修正,建立了光合作用-蒸腾作用-气孔导度的耦合模型,它概括了叶片上各主要物理过程和生理过程之间的相互联系和制约关系。 用数值方法研究了不同环境因子（太阳辐射、温度、湿度和风速等）对光合作用、蒸腾作用和气孔导度的日变化及中午降低（midday depression）的影响。 主要结果是:（1）当边界层导度减小时,光合“午睡”加剧,蒸腾作用减弱,但作为反馈调节,气孔导度增加。 （2）气孔导度的最适温度最低,光合作用次之,蒸腾作用最适温度最高。当光合作用中午受到高温的胁迫时,气孔导度下降的幅度最大,光合作用次之,蒸腾作用的降幅最小。一天中,气孔导度降低的持续时间最长,蒸腾作用降低的持续时间最短。（3）空气绝对湿度越低,气孔导度越低,光合午睡越明显。蒸腾作用则决定于饱和水汽压差(Vpd)和气孔导度两个因素的相反的作用。蒸腾作用随Vpd增加而增大,但Vpd超过一定值后,反而使蒸腾作用下降。 （4）当温度在光合最适温度以上时,太阳辐射的增加使叶温增加,引起光合“午睡”的加剧和气孔导度的降低。（5）ci/cs在中午的降低表明气孔的关闭是光合作用“午睡”现象的原因。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF OZONE DISTRIBUTIONS AND ITS VARIATION MECHANISM*

A 2-D global chemistry-transport model is set up in this paper.The model simulates the atmospheric ozone distributions well with specified dynamical conditions.The analysis of ozone variation mechanism shows that ozone is chemically in quasi-equilibrium except for the polar night region where the variation of ozone concentration is under the control of dynamical processes,that the oxygen atoms which produce ozone are mainly provided by the photolysis of O₂ in the upper stratosphere and by the photolysis of NO₂ in the lower stratosphere and the troposphere.and that the ozone is destroyed mainly by NO_x:the reactions between NO_x and O₃ and the odd oxygen cycle contribute 80% to more than 90% of the ozone destruction.     

辽河三角洲地区海平面上升趋势及其影响评估

根据潮位资料分析,辽河三角洲平原和辽东湾东岸近四五十年来相对海平面处于上升趋势,从70年代以来平均每年上升量为5mm左右.考虑到辽河三角洲平原地面下沉以及全球性海平面将加速上升,预计下个世纪内,辽河三角洲平原相对海平面上升的速率将达到8-10mm/a,到2050年相对海平面上升量将达到40～55cm.利用遥感和地理信息系统,对不同的海平面上升量将造成的土地淹没损失进行了预测.如不加防护,相对海平面上升0.5m时,将淹没近4000km2,包括整个营口市区和半个盘锦市区;上升1.0m时,将淹没5000km2.对海平面上升将造成海岸侵蚀、风暴潮和洪涝等灾害加剧等影响也进行了分析.     

Mega-monsoon variability during the late Triassic: Re-assessing the role of orbital forcing in the deposition of playa sediments in the Germanic Basin

The formation of the supercontinent Pangaea during the Permo–Triassic gave rise to an extreme monsoonal climate (often termed ‘mega-monsoon’) that has been documented by numerous palaeo-records. However, considerable debate exists about the role of orbital forcing in causing humid intervals in an otherwise arid climate. To shed new light on the forcing of monsoonal variability in subtropical Pangaea, this study focuses on sediment facies and colour variability of playa and alluvial fan deposits in an outcrop from the late Carnian (ca 225 Ma) in the southern Germanic Basin, south-western Germany. The sediments were deposited against a background of increasingly arid conditions following the humid Carnian Pluvial Event (ca 234 to 232 Ma). The ca 2·4 Myr long sedimentary succession studied shows a tripartite long-term evolution, starting with a distal mud-flat facies deposited under arid conditions. This phase was followed by a highly variable playa-lake environment that documents more humid conditions and finally a regression of the playa-lake due to a return of arid conditions. The red–green (a*) and lightness (L*) records show that this long-term variability was overprinted by alternating wet/dry cycles driven by orbital precession and ca 405 kyr eccentricity, without significant influence of obliquity. The absence of obliquity in this record indicates that high-latitude forcing played only a minor role in the southern Germanic Basin during the late Carnian. This is different from the subsequent Norian when high-latitude signals became more pronounced, potentially related to the northward drift of the Germanic Basin. The recurring pattern of pluvial events during the late Triassic demonstrates that orbital forcing, in particular eccentricity, stimulated the occurrence and intensity of wet phases. It also highlights the possibility that the Carnian Pluvial Event, although most likely triggered by enhanced volcanic activity, may also have been modified by an orbital stimulus.     

洛阳市城市环境气象监测预报服务研究

利用洛阳市环境监测资料和气象资料,分析了洛阳市污染物浓度的日变化、季节变化、年际变化规律,并分析了污染物浓度与气象因子的关系。在此基础上,通过回归分析预报方法、污染潜势预报方法、CAPPS模式预报方法对洛阳市3种主要污染物的浓度和级别进行了24 h和48 h预测,并建立了气象局与环保部门共享的气象和污染数据库平台,为双方今后的合作奠定了基础。     

赤道中太平洋对流活动与西太平洋副高西伸的时延相关分析

采用交叉小波与相干小波变换方法,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和 NOAA卫星观测的外逸长波辐射(OLR)资料,在多年平均资料分析的基础上,选择2005和2006年夏季西太平洋副高的西伸过程进行了诊断分析,重点讨论了赤道中太平洋地区的对流活动对西太平洋副高西伸与维持的影响与关联.结果表明,7月中旬到8月中旬间,赤道中太平洋地区的对流活动通常表现出半月左右的准周期振荡,与副高活动具有相似的时频结构和周期特征,且前者对后者存在着约一个周期的超前影响,两者的这种时延相关性表现出较好的预报意义;运用大气视热源和全型垂直涡度方程,讨论了赤道中太平洋地区对流活动引起的经向加热异常对副高西伸的影响,指出由于异常的非绝热加热在副高西伸区域产生异常的反气旋性涡度输送,进而影响和制约副高形态和位置的变异.