Interactions between climate change and contaminants

There is now general consensus that climate change is a global threat and a challenge for the 21st century. More and more information is available demonstrating how increased temperature may affect aquatic ecosystems and living resources or how increased water levels may impact coastal zones and their management. Many ecosystems are also affected by human releases of contaminants, for example from land based sources or the atmosphere, which also may cause severe effects. So far these two important stresses on ecosystems have mainly been discussed independently. The present paper is intended to increase awareness among scientists, coastal zone managers and decision makers that climate change will affect contaminant exposure and toxic effects and that both forms of stress will impact aquatic ecosystems and biota. Based on examples from different ecosystems, we discuss risks anticipated from contaminants in a rapidly changing environment and the research required to understand and predict how on-going and future climate change may alter risks from chemical pollution.     

东南沿海末次盛冰期古海平面标志与地震的关系──-100m以下最低海平面问题质疑

东南沿海末次盛冰期（２１～１４ｋａＢ．Ｐ，）滨海相沉积垂相分布多在海拔３８～－５０．８ｍ的范围内，以正向分布（海平面附近及以上）、正负向混合分布及负向（海平面以下）分布在断块交界区或其附近，是强震的主要发生地。在滨海相沉积垂向分布愈离散的区段，其地震活动性也愈强，本研究地区不存在末次盛冰期－１００ｍ以下的最低海平面，那些局部在外陆架海底发现的－１００ｍ以下的滨海相沉积，可能与地壳呈长趋势下沉作用有关     

1995年广东丰顺4.7有地震影响场及发震构造

根据实地调查初步认为，１９９５年１１月１２日广东丰顺ＭＬ４．７级地震以震级较低但破坏显著，具有双极震区；震源深度大；宏观影响场分布与东西向为裂关系密切为其特征。地震发生在东西向和北东向并推断有北西向断裂穿越的地区。五华－丰良东西向断理解及河源＝丰顺东西中断裂的东段是这次地震的主要发震断层。     

对雷琼凹陷地震地质的认识

本文试图通过多波段卫片判读,结合深部物探,地表地质调查等资料进一步认识区域内新生代构造,了解活动断层和地震危险区。 一、构造展布与活动性 区域内比较清晰的构造主要是断裂构造和环形构造,区域内不同地段各组构造在不同波段卫星象片中具不同程度显示(图1 a、b、c、d)。     

Comparative effects of the blue green algae Nodularia spumigena and a lysed extract on detoxification and antioxidant enzymes in the green lipped mussel (Perna viridis)

Nodularia spumigena periodically proliferates to cause toxic algal blooms with some aquatic animals enduring and consuming high densities of the blue green algae or toxic lysis. N. spumigena contains toxic compounds such as nodularin and lipopolysaccharides. This current work investigates physiological effects of exposure from bloom conditions of N. spumigena cells and a post-bloom lysis. Biochemical and antioxidative biomarkers were comparatively studied over an acute 3-day exposure. In general, a post-bloom N. spumigena lysis caused opposite physiological responses to bloom densities of N. spumigena. Specifically, increases in glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and decreases in glutathione S-transferase (GST) were observed from the N. spumigena lysis. In contrast, N. spumigena cell densities decreased GSH and increased GST and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in mussels. Findings also suggest that at different stages of a toxic bloom, exposure may result in toxic stress to specific organs in the mussel.     

Remediation of NAPL source zones: lessons learned from field studies at Hill and Dover AFB

Innovative remediation studies were conducted between 1994 and 2004 at sites contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) at Hill and Dover AFB, and included technologies that mobilize, solubilize, and volatilize NAPL: air sparging (AS), surfactant flushing, cosolvent flooding, and flushing with a complexing-sugar solution. The experiments proved that aggressive remedial efforts tailored to the contaminant can remove more than 90% of the NAPL-phase contaminant mass. Site-characterization methods were tested as part of these field efforts, including partitioning tracer tests, biotracer tests, and mass-flux measurements. A significant reduction in the groundwater contaminant mass flux was achieved despite incomplete removal of the source. The effectiveness of soil, groundwater, and tracer based characterization methods may be site and technology specific. Employing multiple methods can improve characterization. The studies elucidated the importance of small-scale heterogeneities on remediation effectiveness, and fomented research on enhanced-delivery methods. Most contaminant removal occurs in hydraulically accessible zones, and complete removal is limited by contaminant mass stored in inaccessible zones. These studies illustrated the importance of understanding the fluid dynamics and interfacial behavior of injected fluids on remediation design and implementation. The importance of understanding the dynamics of NAPL-mixture dissolution and removal was highlighted. The results from these studies helped researchers better understand what processes and scales are most important to include in mathematical models used for design and data analysis. Finally, the work at these sites emphasized the importance and feasibility of recycling and reusing chemical agents, and enabled the implementation and success of follow-on full-scale efforts.     

南澎列岛及其附近海域、岛屿的地震地质特征

南澎列岛及其附近海域、岛屿地震构造上属东南沿海泉州——汕头地震构造带东支的南段,近年来地震,地质和海洋部门很多学者和研究者对该地震构造带做了很多调查研究工作,使对该地震构造带的认识愈来愈深入。但上述研究大部分主要限于沿岸第四纪盆地及其附近地带,对海域内及岛屿上的地震地质特点论述不多,因此详细地研究该带在海域内和岛屿上的地震地质特点,对于深入了解东南沿海的地震构造,震源物理和地震活动,对于沿海国民经济建设都有重要意义。     

雷州半岛地裂缝及其构造蠕变成因

从1969年开始,雷州半岛每年或隔年频繁发生地裂缝,论述了雷州半岛地裂缝的分布特征．指出区内的地裂缝主要与地质构造、地壳活动（海岸抬升）相关,也和邻区强震、中强地震及区内的小震和微震部分相关．认为区内的地裂缝主要属构造蠕变地裂缝。推测与1969年其邻区阳江发生的6.4级强震对本区构造活动的激发并改变其地壳活动性有关。