云南大红山地区铁、铜矿床类型及形成机理

大红山地区是云南省重要矿集区之一,已发现大红山大型铁铜矿床及东么、底巴都、底戛母、河口、坝达等多个中小型铁铜矿床（点）,区内分布多个磁异常及化探异常,成矿地质条件优越。近年云南省三年地质找矿行动计划项目“云南省新平县大红山外围铁、铜矿资源普查”经过勘查在大红山外围东么、底巴都矿区圈定多个工业铁、铜矿体及超贫磁铁矿体,取得一定找矿新进展。本文根据近年工作中观察到的新现象、取得的新资料,结合前人研究成果,对大红山地区铁、铜矿床成因类型及形成机理进行探讨。     

The Relationship between Jurassic Coal Measures and Sandstone-type Uranium Deposits in the Northeastern Ordos Basin, China

Outcrop and drill hole data show that the Jurassic coal measures in the northeastern Ordos Basin are composed mainly of the Yan'an Formation and the lowstand system tract of the Zhiluo Formation,and there is a regional unconformity between them. The Dongsheng uranium deposit is associated with the Jurassic coal measures. Research data indicate that the Jurassic coal measures in the study area have a certain hydrocarbon-generating capacity,although the metamorphic grade is low(Ro=0.40%–0.58%). In the Dongsheng region alone,the accumulative amount of generated coalbed methane(CBM) is about 2028.29 × 108 –2218.72 × 108 m~3; the residual amount is about 50.92 × 108 m~3,and the lost amount is about 1977 × 108 m~3. Analysis of the burial history of the host rocks and the evolutionary history of the Dongsheng uranium deposit suggests that the Jurassic coal measures generated hydrocarbon mainly from Middle Jurassic to Early Crataceous,which is the main mineralization phase of the Dongsheng uranium deposit. By the Late Cretaceous,a mass of CBM dissipated due to the strong tectonic uplift,and the Dongsheng uranium deposit stepped into the preservation phase. Therefore,the low-mature hydrocarbon-containing fluid in the Jurassic coal measures not only served as a reducing agent for the formation of sandstone-type uranium deposits,but also rendered the second reduction of paleo-interlayer oxidation zone and become the primary reducing agent for ore conservation. Regional strata correlation reveals that the sandstone-type uranium reservoir at the bottom of the Zhiluo Formation is in contact with the underlying industrial coal seams in the Yan'an Formation through incision or in the form of an unconformity surface. In the Dongsheng region with poorly developed fault systems,the unconformity surface and scour surface served as the main migration pathways for low-mature hydrocarbon-containing fluid migrating to the uranium reservoir.     

新疆西准噶尔玛依勒山地区阔依塔斯杂岩体地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄

新疆西准噶尔北部广泛发育中酸性侵入岩,其形成时代为晚石炭世—早二叠世,岩石类型为辉石闪长岩、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。阔依塔斯杂岩体的形成年龄为(297±2)Ma,Si O2为52.40%~67.53%;高Al2O3,14.92%~17.85%;里特曼指数(δ)小于3.3,介于1.47~1.98;富钠贫钾,K2O/Na2O为0.15~0.49;铁高而镁低,Fe OT/Mg O为1.01~1.69。其稀土配分模式右倾,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有微弱铕正异常。地球化学和年代学特征表明:岩体形成于后碰撞演化的晚期阶段,这一时间早于东准噶尔后碰撞的时间(二叠纪末)。该杂岩体主体可能为幔源岩浆底侵镁铁质下地壳,导致发生部分熔融的产物。     

Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation in the Asian–Pacific Monsoon Region Simulated in CAMS-CSM

The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation(BSISO) is simulated by the Climate System Model(CSM) developed at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS), China Meteorological Administration. Firstly, the results indicate that this new model is able to reasonably simulate the annual cycle and seasonal mean of the precipitation, as well as the vertical shear of large-scale zonal wind in the tropics. The model also reproduces the eastward and northward propagating oscillation signals similar to those found in observations. The simulation of BSISO is generally in agreement with the observations in terms of variance center, periodicity, and propagation, with the exception that the magnitude of BSISO anomalous convections are underestimated during both its eastward propagation along the equator and its northward propagation over the Asian–Pacific summer monsoon region. Our preliminary evaluation of the simulated BSISO by CAMS-CSM suggests that this new model has the capability, to a certain extent, to capture the BSISO features, including its propagation zonally along the equator and meridionally over the Asian monsoon region.     

An Assessment of ENSO Stability in CAMS Climate System Model Simulations

We present an overview of the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) stability simulation using the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences climate system model(CAMS-CSM). The ENSO stability was quantified based on the Bjerknes(BJ) stability index. Generally speaking, CAMS-CSM has the capacity of reasonably representing the BJ index and ENSO-related air–sea feedback processes. The major simulation biases exist in the underestimated thermodynamic damping and thermocline feedbacks. Further diagnostic analysis reveals that the underestimated thermodynamic feedback is due to the underestimation of the shortwave radiation feedback, which arises from the cold bias in mean sea surface temperature(SST) over central–eastern equatorial Pacific(CEEP). The underestimated thermocline feedback is attributed to the weakened mean upwelling and weakened wind–SST feedback(μ_a) in the model simulation compared to observation. We found that the weakened μ_a is also due to the cold mean SST over the CEEP.The study highlights the essential role of reasonably representing the climatological mean state in ENSO simulations.     

20世纪80和90年代华北干旱特征及成因分析

在全球气候变暖背景下,20世纪80年代和90年代几乎有一半的年份出现干旱,90年代华北的干旱频率比80年代更高。本文从干旱基本状况、干旱强度和干旱空间分布出发,对华北地区这两个年代的干旱进行了比较,并从对全球气候变暖的响应和大气环流场特征等方面,探讨了这两个年代干旱的成因。研究表明,在干旱强度和空间分布上,90年代明显强于80年代。对全球气候变暖的响应90年代明显强于80年代,表现了更显著的增暖趋势。80年代的干旱年中北极涛动显著增强,中高纬度地区为气压正距平带控制;90年代的干旱年中北半球中高纬度地区为正负距平波列相间分布,存在EU和PNA遥相关型。本文还定义了西伯利亚高压指数,该指数90年代显著高于80年代,且与华北地区降水显著相关,可以作为华北地区旱涝预测的指标。     

红原泥炭正构烯烃的分布与古气候意义

利用GC-MS对红原泥炭样品中的分子化石进行了系统检测,获得了一系列正构烯烃,碳数分布范围为C18—C28,主峰碳为C27,次主峰为C23或C25,与同一深度处的正构烷烃分布模式完全不同。泥炭中正构烯烃的轻重组分∑C21-/∑C2 1、正构烯烃与相应碳数的正构烷烃比值呈有意义的阶段性变化。其中∑C21-/∑C21 与正构烷烃L/H的变化趋势大体一致;而C24:1/C24:0和C23:1/C23:0比值却与之相反。这可能与正构烯烃,特别是这些中碳数化合物因气候如温度的变化在厌氧条件下发生微生物的氢化作用有关,很可能记录了青藏高原东北部地区全新世以来的温度信号。(C26 C27 C28)/(C23 C24 C25)正构烯烃比值,与该区植被分布具有一定的对应关系,说明这些正构烯烃可能除了与植被有关外,也与不同植被类型的组织具有不同抗微生物降解能力相关。这些指标记录的气候信息与前期报道的分子化石记录的气候演化基本一致,说明正构烯烃可以作为古气候的替代性指标。     

规划管理中CAD与GIS集成方案的探讨

目前国内规划管理部门的地理信息系统多是基于ArcGIS平台开发的,而规划编制、设计单位主要是使用AutoCAD平台。探讨了ArcGIS与AutoCAD集成的适合于国内城市规划领域的较为有效的方法。该方法既可解决数据转换过程中的准确性问题,很好地集成ArcGIS、AutoCAD数据,又可包容规划编制、设计人员的工作习惯,提高工作效率,并尽量降低现有系统改造的工作量。     

贵州省市州域经济差异的时空演变

区域经济差异一直是国内外研究的热点,本文以贵州省9个市州为研究单位,选取10个经济发展指标,运用全局主成分分析,结合GIS技术,测度了贵州省9个市州域2006～2016年10年来经济差异的时空演变。结果表明:贵州省各市州区域经济内部差异明显,经济增长存在较强空间关联性,上升区与下降区均集中分布;各项指标数值相对比较大的地区,最终得分不一定高。