Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N

A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise(EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition.E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal,and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals(2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils(diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30 Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios(a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE.     

一种基于熵权法的小波去噪复合评价指标

传统的评价指标在真值未知的情况下不能满足小波去噪质量评价的要求。为此,借助变化率特征重新构建均方根误差变化量和平滑度变化量两个指标,利用熵权法定权将归一化后的两个指标线性组合,所得到的新指标即为复合评价指标。该方法借助指标的变化率随分解层数的增加表现出明显的收敛特性来确定去噪最优分解层数。实验表明,该方法能够在真值未知的情况下准确地指导小波分解,确定去噪最优分解层数,从而达到最优去噪效果。     

A NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SEDIMENTATION IN FENHE RESERVOIR AND THE ADJOINING REACHES

In this paper, a numerical model for sedimentation in Fenhe Reservoir and the adjoining reaches has been presented on the basis of the theory of non-equilibrium sediment transport. The model is calibrated by using a part of the sediment data collected for Fenhe Reservoir and checked by simulating the remaining data. Moreover, the method of optimization in nonlinear programming has been applied to determine the basic parameters of the model applying a concept of fuzzy mathematics to formulate the objective functions. The computed amounts of reservoir deposition and channel deformation arc found to be substantially in agreement with the values observed.     

新疆托里蛇绿岩型金矿床中黄铁矿的研究

在金的伴生矿物中,黄铁矿在托里金矿床中是非常丰富的矿物。它不仅在数量上占优势,而且在本矿床中黄铁矿还以部分自然金的载体出现在矿化带中,所以对黄铁矿进行较为详细的研究是有实际意义的。另外,本矿床为一新型的金矿床——蛇绿岩型金矿,就其黄铁矿来说,无论是矿物学的特点或是地球化学特点都具有本类型矿床的独特性质,例如本黄铁矿中有CO/Ni<1、Au/Ag>1的特点。再者,托里金矿有两个成矿带,而黄铁矿在这两个成矿带中又有不同的特点,这是由于这两个成矿带不同的成矿环境所造成的。     

天然气化探异常机理探讨及其在勘探中的意义

天然气在地质体中运移过程中留下示踪痕迹，通过化探的方法，结合地质、地球物理方法，确定近地表地球化学效应或井下地球化学效应，为油气的进一步勘探提供地质资料和参考价值。     

雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩中超高压矿物硅尖晶石的研究

从西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的罗布莎蛇绿岩的铬铁矿中，发现一个由70-80种奇异矿物组成的地幔矿物群，其中包括一种成分特殊的尖晶石类矿物。该种尖晶石呈包裹体分布在毒砂中，28粒该矿物的平均化学成分：Na2O 1.58％，MgO7．52％，Al2O3 36．59％，SiO2 44．45％，FeO 8．72％，并含少量CaO和TiO2。经激光拉曼谱仪测试，一部分颗粒具有Franclinite（锌铁尖晶石ZnFe2O4）拉曼谱。根据尖晶石结构和化学成分，可以得出两种分子式：（Mg0．52Na0．14Fe0.32Al0.74）1.72（Si2.00Al1.20）3.20O8和（Mg0.52Na0.14Fe0.32Si0.50）1.48相（Si1.50Al1.94）3．44O8。两种分子式都表明阳离子Si呈六配位占据尖晶石八面体晶格位置。Si离子呈六配位的硅酸盐。实验证明具有超高压性质，来自相当于过渡带400-670km的深部。表明西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩（古大洋岩石圈）的岩浆活动达到过渡带。可能是地幔柱活动将硅尖晶石类等超高压矿物搬运到上地幔浅部的。     

西藏驱龙斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩的年代学与地球化学

驱龙斑岩铜(钼)矿是冈底斯斑岩成矿带上的重要矿床之一,由于其被发现较晚、海拔高、工作条件差,总体研究程度较低。本文通过野外工作和对岩心样品分析,在岩石学和地球化学研究基础上,采用离子探针(SHRIMP)锆石U-Pb方法和辉钼矿Re-Os方法研究了驱龙矿区的成矿和成岩年龄。选择两种方法测定了驱龙斑岩铜矿黑云母花岗闪长岩成岩与成矿年龄,其中两个样品的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb谐和年龄分别为16．35±0．40Ma和16．38±0．46Ma;4个样品中辉钼矿的Re-Os模式年龄为15．82～16．85Ma。获得的结果与已有定年结果一致。综合分析表明,驱龙矿床的成岩与成矿作用是一个连续的岩浆作用过程,整个冈底斯斑岩成矿带成矿时间介于12～17Ma,成矿时间持续大约5Ma。     

2003年11月13日岷县ML5.5级地震震源机制的矩张量反演

利用2003年11月13日岷县5.5级地震震中周围7个台站的数字记录反演了本次地震的矩张量,对所得结果与用P波初动符号的结果进行了比较,二者具有较好的一致性。结合该地区的地震分布和本次地震的余震分布,对可能的发震断层进行了讨论。     

厚覆盖区金属矿地震方法技术研究

在厚覆盖区,目前的勘查技术在探测深度和精度方面已不能满足深部资源勘查的需求,地震方法可用来弥补目前勘查技术在寻找深部隐伏矿方面的某些不足。由于金属矿区的地质构造十分复杂,金属矿勘查中的地震方法技术是一个十分复杂的课题。这里结合在甘肃金昌铜镍多金属矿区的试验研究,讨论了地震方法技术在厚覆盖区探测隐伏超基性岩体和控矿构造的试验应用效果。     

若尔盖地区区域构造与油气地球化学场的关系

盆地或地区的油气地质条件是形成油气地球化学场特征的物质基础，构造运动是烃类离开油气源区，向储集层运移和纵向运移的主要动力，而近地表沉积物性质和地形地貌景观条件是影响油气化探效果的重要因素。若尔盖地区的弧形构造对化探指标浓度的空间分布的影响作用，表明地质构造对近地表地球化学场的分布有明显的控制作用。