现代化地震台网建设与观测技术人员教育培训

本文根据我国现代化地震台网建设的规划和发展战略,较系统地分析了观测技术队伍的素质与现代化台网建设不相适应的问题;论述了继续教育在现代化台网建设中的重要作用;进而提出了观测技术人员继续教育培训的内容和方法,为加强和推动观测技术人员的教育培训提供科学依据。     

Survival trends of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Clostridium perfringens in a sandy South Florida beach

The search for alternative indicators of disease-risk from non-enteric pathogens at the beach revealed high densities of targeted bacteria. To explain the high numbers of potential non-enteric pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in beach sand, we investigated factors affecting their survival and distribution, as well as those of a potential fecal indicator, Clostridium perfringens. Results indicated greater S. aureus and P. aeruginosa survival and proliferation in sterile beach sand, than seawater, with diminished numbers upon exposure to natural micro-predators. C. perfringens remained relatively consistent with initial numbers. Intermediate sand particles (850 μm-2 mm) constituted the major micro-niche; creating implications for beach classification programs. Colonization of sterile sand boxes at the beach by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa confirmed the filtering action (>100×) of beach sand. The use of these potential pathogens in periodic sanitary evaluation of beach sand quality is indicated, regardless of the factors influencing their abundance.     

最大似然谱估计方法及其在磁震关系中的应用

最大似然谱估计方法及其在磁震关系中的应用曾小苹１）林云芳１）赵跃辰１）赵明１）续春荣２）于明鑫３）汪江田４）王居云５）１）中国北京１０００８１国家地震局地球物理研究所２）中国北京１０００８５国家地震局地壳应力研究所３）中国辽宁大连１１６０３３辽宁省...     

唐山地震断层破坏及其力学过程的数值模拟

本文用数值分析方法探讨了地震从孕震到发震的力学过程,以76年的唐山地震为实例,用非线性有限元方法,分析唐山发震断层破坏的力学机制,用增量分析的方法,近似地按时间序列模拟发震断层和周围岩石从孕震到发震的力学过程,并与实测资料进行分析比较     

Science, policy and the management of sewage materials. The New York City experience

Development of national policy on sewage sludge management is a classic example of incremental policy formulation [Fiorino, D.J. 1995. Making Environmental Policy. University of California Press. Berkeley, CA. p. 269]. Consequently, policy has developed piecemeal, and results are, in some ways, different than intended. Land application of sewage sludge has not been a panacea. Many of the same types of policy are now being raised about it. We demonstrate this by examining the management of sewage materials by New York City from near the turn of the 20th century, when ocean dumping was viewed as a means to alleviate some of the gross pollution in New York Harbor, to when ocean dumping was banned, and thence to the present when sludge is applied to land as "biosolids." Lessons learned during this long, sometimes contentious history can be applied to present situations--specifically not understanding the long-term consequences of land-based reuse and disposal technologies.     

地震重点监视防御区政府职能履行现状研究

地震灾害是中国社会稳定和经济发展的重大风险源,而地震风险控制是社会多元主体参与的复合型风险治理模式.本课题以风险理论为基础,在调查问卷、访谈、座谈、考察调研和现行文献研究的基础上,通过对地震重点监视防御区政府职能履行现状的研究,分析影响地震重点监视防御区制度实施的各种因素,进而提出加强地震重点监视防御区中央和地方政府社会管理和公共服务职能的政策性措施与建议,旨在完善地震重点监视防御区地震风险管理制度,形成政府社会共同应对地震社会风险,降低社会易损性,从而达到控制地震社会风险的目的.     

加州帕克菲尔德的地震预测试验

自１９８５年来，在加州中部造近克菲尔德镇沿圣安德烈斯断层一直在全力以赴地进行地震预测试验。从１８５７年以来，帕克菲尔德发生了６次中等地震。平均２２年一次，最近的一次６级地震发生在１９６６年。研究人员认为在１９９３年之前发生中等地震的概率为９５％。可是现在看来，似乎把事情太简单化了。起初对帕克菲尔德这段断层的鉴定是根据圣安德烈斯断层地表地貌特征来进行的，但稍后的微震研究说明那些地貌特征并未延伸到地震     

用希腊历史地震目录对VAN方法做统计评估

采用一种新的统计检验方法对ＶＡＮ方法在１９８７￣１９８９年间预报成功率和随机采样地震目录获得的成功率之间进行了对比（成功率是把成功预报的次数与所发出的预报总次数的比值）。与以往的检验不同，这次检验所采样的分布是从１９６０￣１９８５年间的历史地震空间和震级的分布所得出的。ＶＡＮ方法预报成功率以延时２２天为计达６７．９％，而在ＮＥＩＣ人武部目录上随机极样中仅为３７．２％，可达到上述指标（６７．９％），     

格尔木台地磁短周期变化与周围地震的对应关系

计算分析了位于青藏高原东北部的格尔木地磁台１９８７年１月至１９９７年３月的地磁周期Ｔ＝９～２００ｍｉｎ的复转换函数Ａ的模｜Ａ｜、Ｂ的模｜Ｂ｜、总方差σｚ的帕金森矢量或韦氏矢量,并将其与同期格尔木周围３５０ｋｍ范围内ＭＳ≥５．０的８个地震进行了对比研究,发现周期为９,７５ｍｉｎ的｜Ａ｜、周期为９ｍｉｎ的｜Ｂ｜在震前有明显异常,总方差σｚ亦有一定的对应效果,帕金森或韦氏矢量在震前指向震中位置。