Stress-induced apoptosis in sea urchin embryogenesis

We find that early sea urchin embryos have the capability to induce programmed cell death, or apoptosis, in response to chemical and physical stress. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos (fertilized, 4 cell, 16 cell, 64 cell, and early blastula) were exposed to known cytotoxins, in order to determine when apoptosis occurs naturally and in response to stress. Using cell permeability as an indicator of early stage apoptosis, caspase activation as a mid-stage indicator, and DNA fragmentation as a late stage indicator, we find that during the cleavage stage of embryogenesis apoptosis is almost completely absent. However, a statistically significant (p<0.001) rise in apoptosis in stressed embryos is evident around 24 h after fertilization, during the early blastula stage and shortly after hatching. Before this stage, exposed embryos show no statistically significant increases in apoptosis in comparison to the controls. This pattern of apoptosis in development is similar to that seen in lower vertebrate models in which stress-induced apoptosis occurs only around the mid-blastula transition. We conclude that apoptosis may be used to rid embryos of aberrant or damaged cells in early development, but this response is stage-dependant. Repair, rather than apoptosis, may be utilized during earlier stages, or alternatively, embryos exposed to such stressors may continue development with damaged cells and perhaps damaged DNA. Our continued studies will focus on these alternative hypotheses.     

Shock chemistry in the molecular clouds associated with SNR IC 443

Several interstellar molecules have been detected toward the highly perturbed B and G clouds associated with the supernova remnant IC 443 via their 3 mm transitions, including N2H+, SiO, SO, CN, HNC, and H13CO+. The (J, K) = (1, 1) and (2, 2) inversion lines of metastable ammonia have also been observed, as well as the J = 3-2 transition of HCO+ at 1.2 mm. Analysis of the (1, 1) and (2, 2) inversion lines of NH3 indicates minimum gas kinetic temperatures of TK = 70 K toward cloud B, and TK = 33 K in cloud G. Modeling of the J = 1-0 and J = 3-2 transitions of HCO+ implies densities greater than 10(5) cm-3 toward both positions. These data clearly show that hot and dense material is present in IC 443, and they suggest the presence of shocks in both regions. A careful analysis of the HCO+ lines indicates that the HCO+ abundance is at most enhanced by factors of a few over that found in cold, quiescent gas. This conclusion contradicts past claims of HCO+ abundance enhancements of several orders of magnitude in the perturbed regions. The N2H+ abundance was also found to be similar to that in cold gas, suggesting that there is no increase in ionization in the clouds. The abundances of SO and CS, as well as CN and NH3, do not appear to differ significantly from those found in cold dark clouds, although chemistry models predict sulfur-containing species to undergo high-temperature enhancements. SiO, however, is found to have an abundance in the perturbed gas 100 times larger than the upper limits observed in the dark cloud TMC 1, a result in agreement with high temperature chemistry models. In addition, the HNC/HCN ratio in both IC 443 B and G was found to be approximately 0.1--far from the ratio of 1 predicted by low-temperature ion-molecule chemistry, but similar to the values observed in clouds where elevated temperatures are present.     

数字填图系统（RGMAP）在金厂矿区大比例尺填图中的应用

计算机辅助地质填图系统(RGMAP软件),通过建立PRB数字填图过程及其相应的数据模型,把地质数据采集的过程延伸到野外,真正实现了地学数据获取全过程的数字化,实现了地质填图从手工到计算机化的质的飞跃.但该系统的研制初衷是为在区域调查中地质调查服务的,而对大例尺的填图尚未开展过研究.这里以在黑龙江省东宁县金厂矿区开展的1∶10 000大比例尺数字填图为例,总结出利用该系统在大比例尺数字填图中的主要方法步骤和注意事项.     

Sediment oxygen profiles in a super-oxygenated antarctic lake

Perennially ice-covered lakes are found in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. In contrast to temperate lakes that have diurnal photic periods, antarctic (and arctic) lakes have a yearly photic period. An unusual feature of the antarctic lakes is the occurrence of O2 at supersaturated levels in certain portions of the water column. Here we report the first sediment O2 profiles obtained using a microelectrode from a perennially ice-covered antarctic lake. Sediment cores collected in January and October 1987 from Lake Hoare in Taylor Valley show oxygenation down to 15, and in some cases, 25 cm. The oxygenation of sediments several centimeters below the sediment-water interface is atypical for lake sediments and may be characteristic of perennially ice-covered lakes. There is a significant difference between the observed January and October sediment O2 profiles. Several explanations may account for the difference, including seasonality. A time-dependent model is presented which tests the feasibility of a seasonal cycle resulting from the long photoperiod and benthic primary production in sediments overlain by a highly oxygenated water column.     

地震前兆仪器嵌入TCP/IP协议的初步试验

根据“十五”总体设计方案的要求，对TCP／IP协议在地震前兆仪器上的实现进行了试验，在有关设备上进行了程序开发，取得了预期的效果。     

依法行政,加强管理,提高防震减灾法制化管理能力和水平

结合广东省防震减灾工作实际，针对依法行政管理工作中存在的问题，提出强化法制观念，提高法制化管理水平；坚持依法行政，加强防震减灾行政执法工作；加强法律法规宣传教育，增强全社会防震减灾意识；认真履行管理职责，提高防震减灾管理能力和水平的建议。     

发展基于IPv6的地震传感器网络是科技自主创新的实践

IPv6的网络架构为传感器网络的发展创造了良好的环境，基于IPv6的地震传感器网络已列为CNGI（China Next Generation Intemet）具有行业特色的，在中国下一代互联网示范项目中的应用项引。以科学的发展观研究和发展基于IPv6的地震传感器网络，是贯彻十六届五中全会精神，科技自主创新的实践；是推进地震监测和预报进一步发展的重要契机；我们需要认真努力，为我国下一代互联网建设和防震减灾事业做出贡献。[编者按]     

基于网格密度控制的全国崩塌滑坡泥石流编图

本文是一篇关于全国崩塌滑坡泥石流分布图编制方法探索的论文。基于全国崩塌滑坡泥石流数据库,根据图面承载能力,用不同灾害类型之间数量比例和网格密度共同控制的方法,筛选出代表整体发育分布规律的崩塌滑坡泥石流隐患点;用点状符号表达崩塌滑坡泥石流隐患点空间分布特征,线状符号表达崩塌滑坡泥石流时间分布特征,面状普染色表达崩塌滑坡泥石流发育数量分级特征;结合人们正常视觉感受,建立均衡的构图,选用协调美观的色彩,合理处置图上点、线、面各图层之间的冲突以及图层内部分级关系,编制集科学与艺术为一体的全国崩塌滑坡泥石流分布图。