遥测海底沉积层速度结构的一种新方法——射线参数法

本文提出的“射线参数法”,可由多道地震记录谱直接估算层速度或层速度线性梯度值。与现今广泛使用的基于DIX公式的叠加速度谱和近几年发展的τ-p图谱相比较,该法可用于广角反射和(或)折射资料,而且信噪比很高。射线参数法系依据Bullen的时距曲线参数方程,通过对射线参数p的微商式作迭代,实现了用计算机作自动反演,并用此法对大西洋中脊侧翼IPOD 396钻孔附近一沉积池的反射资料进行了估算,得出了沉积层速度线性梯度值为1.9s~(-1),相应基底反射的相似度值高达0.38。     

中国近海月平均海面的变化及其原因的初步分析

本文所说的中国近海系指渤海,黄、东海西部和南海北部(为说明问题,在叙述过程中,也会涉及一些相邻海区).整个海区由于受季风的影响比较显著,又有众多河流的注入,加之暖流黑潮主干及支流经过这里等原因,以致水文状况错综复杂.而月平均海面的变化,就是多种水文状况综合作用的结果.     

更新世冰期的全球深海绝灭事件

据估计 ,深海有孔虫种的交替速率为２ %／Ｍａ ,比新生代浅水底栖（５ %／Ｍａ）或者浮游有孔虫（１１ %／Ｍａ）明显偏低。白垩纪—第三纪边界（６５Ｍａ）或附近的事件引发了陆地和浅水以及部分半远洋生物的灾难性绝灭 ,但是对深海底栖有孔虫的影响很小。大部分深海有孔虫绝灭（３０ %～５０ %的种消失了）出现于晚古新世冰后高温期（ＬＰＴＭ ,５５Ｍａ） ,它起因于贫氧、温暖的侵蚀性底层水以及同时发生的表层生产力的变化。晚始新世至早渐新世（３６～３０Ｍａ）和中中新世也发现了深海底栖有孔虫的种类交替增强有全球蔓延的趋势。对中…     

Stress-induced apoptosis in sea urchin embryogenesis

We find that early sea urchin embryos have the capability to induce programmed cell death, or apoptosis, in response to chemical and physical stress. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos (fertilized, 4 cell, 16 cell, 64 cell, and early blastula) were exposed to known cytotoxins, in order to determine when apoptosis occurs naturally and in response to stress. Using cell permeability as an indicator of early stage apoptosis, caspase activation as a mid-stage indicator, and DNA fragmentation as a late stage indicator, we find that during the cleavage stage of embryogenesis apoptosis is almost completely absent. However, a statistically significant (p<0.001) rise in apoptosis in stressed embryos is evident around 24 h after fertilization, during the early blastula stage and shortly after hatching. Before this stage, exposed embryos show no statistically significant increases in apoptosis in comparison to the controls. This pattern of apoptosis in development is similar to that seen in lower vertebrate models in which stress-induced apoptosis occurs only around the mid-blastula transition. We conclude that apoptosis may be used to rid embryos of aberrant or damaged cells in early development, but this response is stage-dependant. Repair, rather than apoptosis, may be utilized during earlier stages, or alternatively, embryos exposed to such stressors may continue development with damaged cells and perhaps damaged DNA. Our continued studies will focus on these alternative hypotheses.     

梭鱼性腺发育的组织学特征及其分期

梭鱼Liza haematocheila(T.et.S.)性腺分期的标准对鱼类人工增殖起重要作用,现将1960年于黄骅(渤海岸)及1961—1962年,1977—1978年5月于北塘,1978年又于西湖村调查所得材料作一汇总,以便为野外观察及人工繁殖提供依据.组织切片材料用Bouin氏固定液,以石蜡包埋,海亭氏铁矾苏木精染色或苏木精伊红染色.脂肪用苏丹Ⅲ及Ⅳ染色.多糖用高碘酸-Schiff染色.蛋白质用0.5%四氧嘧啶及高碘酸法染色,全部材料用石蜡包埋,切片厚度8-12微米,大部分8微米.油滴及油球材料用冰冻包埋,切片厚度10微米.     

青岛近海风暴潮灾害及其预报研究

本文采用周期外推法预报增水峰时，采用回归计算和增水峰连线外延相结合法预报峰值，然后以此模拟增水曲线对台风在人任意２４ｈ之内增水进行过程预报，效果较好。     

雌雄比对海带雌配子体发育的影响

本实验进行了不同雌雄比对海带雌配子体发育的影响。结果表明：雌雄比(鲜重)为1：1及2：1，实验组出现排卵时间最早，且发育率高，实验第20天，发育率超过70％，孢子体正常。5：1，10：1，20：1实验组随着雄性比例的减少，发育率逐渐降低，随着培养天数的增加，三个实验组均出现未受精卵及畸形孢子体，雌雄比越大，未受精卵数目越多。