西太平洋赤道海域的热量平衡

本文利用1986年11月中国科学院实验3号考察船在西太平洋赤道海域(0°～5°N,130°～150°E)考察所获得的29天辐射资料和同期取得的温、压、湿、风和探空等资料,计算了这一海域11月份的热量平衡各量值和整层气柱的加热量。结果表明:该海域是一个强热源区,其上空大气也是一个强热源区。     

郑州市冬季采暖期气候变化特征及节能潜力分析

利用郑州市1951—2007年日平均气温资料,按照国家采暖规范从气候角度上确定了符合郑州特点的采暖初终日,较规定的初、终日（11月15日至次年3月15日）有明显推迟和提前的趋势,并分析了采暖期长度及采暖期的气候变化特征,结果表明：进7．90年代特别是21世纪初采暖期明显缩短,平均较80年代缩短了14d左右。在此基础上研究了近57a来采暖期气候条件的变化,并通过构建采暖强度、采暖指数指标,讨论这种变化对能源消耗和环境保护的影响,从科学角度提出节能的可能性。     

Interdecadal change in the connection between Hadley circulation and winter temperature in East Asia

Based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the interdecadal variability of Hadley circulation （HC） and its association with East Asian temperature in winter are investigated. Results indicate that the Northern Hemisphere winter HC underwent apparent change in the 1970s, with transition occurring around 1976/77. Along with interdecadal variability of HC, its linkage to surface air temperature （SAT） in East Asia also varied decadally, from weak relations to strong relations. Such a change may be related to the interaction between HC and the atmospheric circulation system over the Philippines, which is associated with the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM）. Before the 1970s, the connection between HC and the anticyclonic circulation around the Philippines was insignificant, but after the late 1970s their linkage entered a strong regime. The intensification of this connection may therefore be responsible for the strong relations between HC and East Asian winter temperatures after the late 1970s.     

一次层状云系水分收支和降水机制的数值研究

对2002年10月18—20日河南省层状云系的水分收支和降水机制用MM5模式模拟的结果表明,河南省域以外的水物质主要通过西和南边界输送到区域内,19日降水主要时段总水物质通量在水平方向上为净流入。对河南省域水汽、水凝物和总水物质的水分平衡等式中各项的估算表明该区域水物质基本达到收支平衡。估算的河南省域总水物质降水效率、凝结率、凝华率和水凝物降水效率及水汽降水效率分别约33.1%、27.7%、13.1%、69.7%和31.1%,总水物质降水效率与水汽降水效率接近是由于参与的水物质总量中水汽占绝大部分。约58.2%以上的冰晶转化为雪,超过82.1%的雪融化,不到11.1%的雪转化为霰,霰粒子几乎完全融化。冰晶通过凝华过程增长。雪主要由冰晶转化产生,凝华增长率比撞冻增长率高得多。雨水由暖云和冷云过程产生和增长,雨水碰并云水量和冰粒子融化量对雨水的贡献相近,云雨自动转化量小。可见,在主要降水时段,降水是由冷云和暖云过程共同产生的。冰粒子凝华增长对雨水的贡献最大超过35%,撞冻增长的贡献最高不足12%,可见水汽对降水粒子增长重要。催化层、冰水混合层和液水层对降水的贡献分别约为15%—27%、45%—50%和23%—38%,表明此"催化-供给"云中冰粒子在冰水混合层的增长对降水的贡献相当大。     

植被变化对辽西夏季气候影响的数值试验

利用2001年6、7、8月份的资料及中尺度模式MM5V3．5对当年夏季辽西生态脆弱区进行了气候模拟性能试验，模拟出植被退化和恢复后辽西地区的温度变化。试验结果表明：在辽西部分地区植被退化后，当地夏季平均温度明显升高；在部分地区植被恢复后，当地夏季平均温度降低；在下垫面状况改变的周边地区，平均温度有一定程度的变化。同时，植被状况的改变对高空气压场和温度场也产生一定影响。     

WIND SHEAR IDENTIFICATION WITH THE RETRIEVED WIND OF DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR

Wind shear reflects that the wind field is not uniform, which is one of the primary factors which make the retrieval of the wind field difficult. Based on volume velocity process(VVP) wind field retrieval technique, the intensity of wind shear is identified in this paper. After analyzing the traditional techniques that rely on the difference of radial velocity to identify wind shear, a fixed difference among radial velocities that may cause false identification in a uniform wind field was found. Because of the non-uniformity in wind shear areas, the difference of retrieved results between surrounding analysis volumes can be used as a measurement to show how strong the wind shear is. According to the analysis of a severe convective weather process that occurred in Guangzhou, it can be found that the areas of wind shear appeared with the strength significantly larger than in other regions and the magnitude generally larger than4.5 m/(s·km). Besides, by comparing the variation of wind shear strength during the convection, it can be found that new cells will be more likely to generate when the strength is above 3.0 m/(s·km). Therefore, the analysis of strong wind shear's movement and development is helpful to forecasting severe convections.     

浙西南山区热带气旋降水的时空分布特征

对影响丽水热带气旋进行时空分布特征研究,1950 ～ 2010年 61年间,影响丽水的热带气旋共有119个,年均1.95个,在月分布上呈单峰型分布,7～9月是丽水受热带气旋影响的高峰期,同时,从影响丽水热带气旋的降水强度和影响丽水热带气旋的降水等级也说明,7～9 月是丽水受热带气旋降水影响最重的月份,且特别严重影响的热...     

凌源鳞棒葱高产优质因素初探

1 引言凌源鳞棒葱以其高产优质闻名于省内外。1985年被辽宁省农牧业厅命名为优质产品。近几年,随着市场经济的发展,大葱栽植面积也不断扩大,销售市场日趋广阔。凌源鳞棒葱还远销内蒙古、河北、京津等地。该葱适口性极佳,生     

1117号强台风“纳沙”引发海南岛特大暴雨过程分析

利于MICAPS资料、NCEP资料和多普勒天气雷达资料分析了1117号强台风“纳沙”造成海南岛特大暴雨过程分析。结果表明,强盛的西南季风为其提高了充足的水汽和能量;双重“列车效应”是造成海南岛特大暴雨的主要原因．暖平流上叠加辐合风场有利于强降水的形成和维持,“逆风区”与强降水中心一致;地形对降水起到明显的增幅作用。