Temporal changes in water quality at a childhood leukemia cluster

Since 1997, 15 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia and one case of acute myelocytic leukemia have been diagnosed in children and teenagers who live, or have lived, in an area centered on the town of Fallon, Nevada. The expected rate for the population is about one case every five years. In 2001, 99 domestic and municipal wells and one industrial well were sampled in the Fallon area. Twenty-nine of these wells had been sampled previously in 1989. Statistical comparison of concentrations of major ions and trace elements in those 29 wells between 1989 and 2001 using the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicate water quality did not substantially change over that period; however, short-term changes may have occurred that were not detected. Volatile organic compounds were seldom detected in ground water samples and those that are regulated were consistently found at concentrations less than the maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MCL for gross-alpha radioactivity and arsenic, radon, and uranium concentrations were commonly exceeded, and sometimes were greatly exceeded. Statistical comparisons using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test indicate gross-alpha and -beta radioactivity, arsenic, uranium, and radon concentrations in wells used by families having a child with leukemia did not statistically differ from the remainder of the domestic wells sampled during this investigation. Isotopic measurements indicate the uranium was natural and not the result of a 1963 underground nuclear bomb test near Fallon. In arid and semiarid areas where trace-element concentrations can greatly exceed the MCL, household reverse-osmosis units may not reduce their concentrations to safe levels. In parts of the world where radon concentrations are high, water consumed first thing in the morning may be appreciably more radioactive than water consumed a few minutes later after the pressure tank has been emptied because secular equilibrium between radon and its immediate daughter progeny is attained in pressure tanks overnight.     

Preliminary study on chromosomes of induced triploid in the red sea bream,Pagrosomus major

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Intrinsic bioremediation of a petroleum-impacted wetland

Following the 1994 San Jacinto River flood and oil spill in southeast Texas, a petroleum-contaminated wetland was reserved for a long-term research program to evaluate bioremediation as a viable spill response tool. The first phase of this program, presented in this paper, evaluated the intrinsic biodegradation of petroleum in the contaminated wetland. Sediment samples from six test plots were collected 11 times over an 11-month period to assess the temporal and spatial petroleum concentrations. Petroleum concentrations were evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analyses of specific target compounds normalized to the conservative biological marker, C(30)17alpha,21beta(H)-hopane. The analyses of specific target compounds were able to characterize that significant petroleum biodegradation had occurred at the site over the one-year period. Total resolved saturate and total resolved aromatic hydrocarbon data indicated the petroleum was degraded more than 95%. In addition, first-order biodegradation rate constants were calculated for the hopane-normalized target compounds and supported expected biodegradation patterns. The rapid degradation rates of the petroleum hydrocarbons are attributed to conditions favorable to biodegradation. Elevated nutrient levels from the flood deposition and the unconsolidated nature of the freshly deposited sediment possibly provided a nutrient rich, oxic environment. Additionally, it is suggested that an active and capable microbial community was present due to prior exposure to petroleum. These factors provided an environment conducive for the rapid bioremediation of the petroleum in the contaminated wetland.     

末次冰期山东黄土物源研究: 来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄的约束

胶东半岛北部海滨和山东中部山区北麓沉积了典型的风尘黄土,详细记录了晚更新世以来的气候变化,然而有关这些黄土究竟来自哪里,目前仍处于争议之中.锆石是黄土中常见的副矿物,其U-Pb年龄谱对比被广泛用于黄土的物源示踪研究.基于此,利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS）对上述地区晚更新世典型的黄土剖面开展碎屑锆石（n=420）微区原位U-Pb年龄分析,结合Kolmogorov-Smirnov统计方法的多维判别图和前人已经发表的研究结果,发现胶东半岛北部海岸和山东中部山地北麓东段的晚更新世黄土主要来自渤海裸露的大陆架和华北平原的碎屑物质,受中国西北内陆干旱区的影响较小,但由于地理位置的差异,山东中部山地北麓西段的晚更新世黄土具有黄河下游和黄土高原的物质信号,而与晚更新世渤海末次冰期裸露在海底的沉积物的物源关系较弱.      

深海嗜热菌Geobacillus sp. EPT3锰超氧化物歧化酶的纯化与生物化学鉴定

Thermostable SOD is a promising enzyme in biotechnological applications. In the present study, thermophile Geobacillus sp. EPT3 was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal field in the East Pacific. A thermostable superoxide dismutase(SOD) from this strain was purified to homogeneity by steps of fractional ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, and Phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. SOD was purified 13.4 fold to homogeneity with a specific activity of 3 354 U/mg and 11.1% recovery. SOD from Geobacillus sp. EPT3 was of the Mn-SOD type, judged by the insensitivity of the enzyme to both KCN and H2O2. SOD was determined to be a homodimer with monomeric molecular mass of 26.0 k Da. It had high thermostability at 50°C and 60°C. At tested conditions, SOD was relatively stable in the presence of some inhibitors and denaturants, such as β-mercaptoethanol(β-ME), dithiothreitol(DTT), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride(PMSF), urea, and guanidine hydrochloride. Geobacillus sp. EPT3 SOD showed striking stability across a wide p H range from 5.0 to 11.0. It could withstand denaturants of extremely acidic and alkaline conditions, which makes it useful in the industrial applications.     

孤立波作用下沿海路基冲刷实验研究

基于波浪水槽实验,对孤立波作用下沿海公路局部冲刷开展实验研究。实验采用1/10与1/20组合坡模拟海岸地形,对岸滩进行逐个多次波浪作用,用地形仪对作用后地形进行测量。通过改变路基在冲刷槽的绝对位置和相对位置,探讨路基位置因素对局部冲刷影响。实验结果表明:孤立波作用下沿海路基向海侧出现明显冲坑,冲刷深度随波浪作用个数增加,最后达到平衡。路基位置是路基局部冲刷主要因素,随着路基位置远离海岸线,路基向海侧冲刷深度呈减小趋势。     

致密低渗透储层裂缝研究进展

我国致密低渗透储层的油气资源量巨大,但储层基质物性差,非均质性强,天然裂缝发育,勘探与开发难度大。天然裂缝是致密低渗透储层的有效储集空间和主要渗流通道,控制了这类油气藏的成藏、单井产能及开发效果,天然裂缝分布规律研究对致密低渗透油气藏的勘探和开发至关重要。在阅读国内外大量文献的基础上,系统地综述了致密低渗透储层裂缝研究中涉及的储层裂缝成因类型、控制因素、储层裂缝参数表征方法、裂缝有效性影响因素与评价方法、天然裂缝与人工裂缝的耦合关系等研究现状,探讨了现阶段储层裂缝研究中存在的问题及进一步需要开展的工作。非常规储层裂缝的形成机理与主控因素、多学科相结合的高精度裂缝井间预测及裂缝三维地质建模、裂缝的分级评价及有效性评价将是近期裂缝研究的重点。     

锶同位素地层学在海相地层划分和对比中的应用——以二叠纪乐平世海相碳酸盐岩地层为例

锶同位素地层学是稳定同位素地球化学方法在地层学中的重要应用。本文基于87Sr/86Sr在地球历史中的特殊演化规律,以二叠系乐平统为例介绍了锶同位素地层学的研究方法、技术路线以及在地层学研究中需要关注的问题,特别是详细介绍了样品采集、化学预处理、分析测试仪器设备的选择,以及后期数据处理等方法和这些方法在使用中存在的问题、解决方案和简要理论依据。作为重要的化学地层学方法之一,锶同位素地层学可以为地层的划分和对比,及相关的古环境、古构造、古海洋等的研究提供新的依据和研究手段,而且对缺乏生物地层资料的剖面的断代、划分和对比提供了一种可靠的方法。     

科技创新支撑转型大发展

测绘地理信息行业蓬勃发展,离不开科技创新的保驾护航。众所周知,测绘地理信息领域专业性强,生产技术难度高,通过科技创新是提升生产效率、提高成果质量的重要手段,而科技支撑则是生产任务顺利完成和为社会提供测绘地理信息服务的重要保障。日益繁重的科研任务衍生出各式各样的技术与管理问题,如何调解科研人员生产任务与科研任务双肩挑的问题,保证科研任务顺利完成？如何大力提高自主知识产权科技成果？如何通过发展全局科技创新带动全省科技进步？……众多问题摆在科技管理人员的眼前,如何解决？     

煤层顶板水渗流视电阻率响应实验研究

通过设计渗流物理模型进行室内实验,用网络并行电法技术采集渗流地电场参数,解编和计算得到视电阻率的动态响应图像,分析认为:煤层开采造成顶板岩层遭到破坏后,上覆水体通过导水裂隙带的渗流可以用视电阻率进行跟踪表达。在相同的时空背景下,随着水量的注入,低阻区的发展呈梯度状蔓延,梯度与水流方向一致。并行电法监测技术获取的视电阻率数据对于渗流场的响应是显著的。3种渗流条件下,视电阻率的变化幅度都已经达到渗流场视电阻率背景值的同一数量等级。视电阻率剖面图中,同时可以反映水的流向和到达位置。利用并行电法技术采集和处理而得到的视电阻率图像可判断煤层开采过程中顶板水情的变化,预测煤矿顶板突水危险,为矿井顶板水害的预警工作提供依据。