DNA strand breaks in grass shrimp embryos exposed to highway runoff sediments and sediments with coal fly ash

Embryo production was reduced in female grass shrimp exposed to sediments with added coal fly ash and to sediments collected from an estuarine station containing high PAH concentrations due to its proximity to a highway storm drain. Grass shrimp embryos exposed to pore water from the high PAH and high metal sediments showed both reduced hatching and increases in DNA strand breaks (comet assay). Sediments with added coal fly ash had high concentrations of vanadium and selenium which may have contributed to effects similar to those observed with sediments with high PAH. The embryo pore water bioassay (hatching/DNA strand breaks) gave results comparable to those observed for reproduction effects (reduced embryo production/embryo hatching) with female grass shrimp exposed to whole sediment.     

南京附近地区一些新生代玄武岩组的古地磁学研究及对其地质时代的初步认识

中国东部广泛分布着新生代的玄武岩,其地质时代始终是一个争议的问题。本文作者对南京附近地区的两个标准玄武岩组剖面进行了古地磁学研究,使用交变场退磁法检验了样品,证明它们的剩磁稳定性良好,测得江宁方山玄武岩组的I,平均值为8.1×10^-4CGSM,D_r=195°29′、J_r=-54°9′,古地磁南极位置为λ_P=192°35′E、Φ_P=76°47′N;六合灵岩山玄武岩组的l,平均值为26.4×10^-4CGSM,D_r=354°44′,J_r=42°12′,古地磁北极位置为λ_P=329°38′E、Φ_p=80°36′N,并得出如下结论: （1）六合灵岩山玄武岩组和江宁方山玄武岩组的极性截然不同,灵岩山玄武岩组的岩石磁性全系正向,可能相当于布容期（Brunhes epoch）,方山玄武岩组的岩石磁性全属反向,可能相当于松山期（Matuyama epoch）; （2）灵岩山玄武岩组测得的古北极相距现今的北极要比方山玄武岩组的近一些,清晰地表明它们的形成时间绝非同一时期,而是灵岩山玄武岩组要晚,方山玄武岩组要早; （3）灵岩山玄武岩组和方山玄武岩组形成时期的岩石产地所处的古纬度都是中纬度地区,属亚热带气候; （4）对比世界各地区一些有关时代的岩石古地磁学数据,参照这两套玄武岩组的上下地层中所含有的古生物化石及岩石学特征,六合灵岩山玄武岩组的地质时代似应为Q₂-Q₃,江宁方     

新疆东部古地磁研究

沿富蕴—二台—苏古泉—七角井—沙泉子—柳园—阿克塞对奥陶系—上第三系进行古地磁研究,主要获得以下成果:(1)建立了北准噶尔地片和东准噶尔地片极移曲线,认为准噶尔洋形成于泥盆纪—石炭纪,在二叠纪闭合。这两个地片在早古生代是一个统一的构造单元,位于30°S左右,泥盆纪拉开距离达1000km,其北边的地片位移于20°—30°N左右,早古生代晚期到晚古生代早期是地块快速北向移动时期;(2)获得了七角井、沙泉子和柳园地区石炭、二叠纪古地磁极位置及古纬度,其中的柳园、沙泉子地区极点位置明显与准噶尔不一致,而与哈萨克斯坦西天山(伊犁地块)、塔城地块、吐哈地块、鄂尔多斯地块及华北地块等古地磁极接近,说明这些地块在晚古生代已处于南、北大陆之间,成为独立的中间地体;(3)通过新疆东部和北部晚古生代到早第三纪古地磁研究,进一步证明了东亚地区从中生代开始南向移动的存在;(4)准噶尔地块在晚古生代处于30°—35°N的古纬度区,准噶尔洋主要为近EW向拉开,如果存在SN向移动,其相对移动距离也不会超过1500km。(b)从晚古生代以来的北方大陆块体构造演化模式来看,准噶尔地块大致遵循了北方大陆块体统一的构造演化规律,说明准噶尔地块是北方大陆的组成部分。     

红河断裂带白垩纪古地磁及青藏高原地质构造演化

红河断裂带两侧古地磁结果表明,羌塘地体与扬子地台至少从早白垩世以来已连接为一个整体。青藏高原是由四个发育历史不同的地体组成的大地构造复合体,在晚古生代它们分别是劳亚古陆、华夏复合古陆和冈瓦纳古陆的组成部分。拉萨地体与羌塘地体碰撞拼合形成欧亚板块构造格局。喜玛拉雅地体、印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞拼合、推挤,使青藏高原隆起,并使欧亚板块的块体沿已存在的断层产生左行走滑,这种作用至今仍在继续     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in seal populations from eastern and western Canada: an assessment of the processes and factors controlling PBDE distribution in seals

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations were measured in the blubber of five mother-pup pairs of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from Sable Island, Nova Scotia (NS) sampled in 1995 and in 20 harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from British Columbia (BC) sampled in 1991-1992. Concentrations in maternal grey seals from Sable Island averaged 112+/-55.2 ng/g lipid (mean+/-s.d.) and were over twice the concentrations measured in their pups; higher brominated PBDEs showed a distinct decline in PBDEs transfer efficiency in mother-pup pairs as a function of increasing K(o/w). Hepta-BDEs and higher molecular weight (MW) congeners appear not to be transferred efficiently from the grey seals mother to pup during lactation on the basis of lipid/water partitioning (as indicated by ln K(o/w)) and this may be a consequence of molecular size (MW>600 Da) which may limit diffusion and partitioning. PBDE concentrations in blubber from harbour seals from the Strait of Georgia averaged 319+/-132 ng/g lipid (mean+/-s.d., n=13), while those from the more remote and less contaminated Quatsino Sd. averaged 27.8+/-11.8 ng/g (mean+/-s.d., n=7). Tri- to hexa-BDEs were appreciably enriched in Strait of Georgia harbour seals relative to those from Quatsino Sd, suggesting that the former were closer to PBDE sources. The main congeners identified in all samples were BDEs 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154. Data were compared to those in ringed seals sampled from Holman, North West Territories (NWT), in 1996. The Holman samples had a higher proportion of lower bromination congeners, and a lower proportion of higher bromination congeners, than did the Sable Island and BC seal samples, consistent with selection in favour of more volatile compounds during atmospheric transport to the Arctic.     

Effects of genotoxic compounds on DNA and development of early and late grass shrimp embryo stages

Early and late developmental stages of grass shrimp embryos were exposed to different concentrations of two genotoxicants, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ) and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQO). DNA strand breaks were assessed by the comet assay while embryo development effects were determined by % of embryos hatching. Early embryo stage embryos were significantly more sensitive to genotoxicants than late stages. For example, all stage 4 embryos failed to hatch at 1 microM NQO while 95% of stage 8 hatched at this concentration. High DNA tail moments, which are a measure of the number of DNA strand breaks, were found in late stage embryos exposed to genotoxicants. Early stage embryo development was effected by low concentrations of genotoxicants but no changes were observed in DNA tail moments. We suggest that high DNA moments in late embryo stages reflect high DNA repair activity, while early stages may lack a fully developed DNA repair system.     

“第三次全国古地磁学术讨论会”在穗召开

由中国地质学会古地磁专业委员会和中国地球物理学会地磁与高空物理专业委员会联合举办的第三次全国古地磁学术讨论会于1987年1月6日至10日在广州举行。来自全国67个单位从事古地磁学和地学工作的150名代表参加了会议。会议收到论文及摘要86篇,其中64篇分别在大会和小组会上宣读     

新疆乌什—阿克苏地区下二叠统地层的古地磁研究

新疆乌什—阿克苏地区发育了一套自寒武系到下二叠统的古生代地层。地层呈单斜、倾向南东、倾角自老而新由60°递减至30°左右。下二叠统厚1280.2米,整合于上石炭统之上。下二叠统分为库普库兹满组和开派兹雷克组。两组地层的上部以玄武岩为主,下部以砂岩为主。1982年6月对该单斜地层按顺序用轻便钻机采集了足够数量的标本。在下二叠统地层中设30个采样点,采集标本457块。对24个采样点的各点任选10—15块标本进行测试,经磁清洗后其本征剩磁方向基本一致