The unification of RBLs with XBLs

Many astronomers have discussed the property of BL Lacertae objects, including the variation of spectrum, the correlation of multi-wave bands and the property of polarization, which could give good information for studying intrinsic correlation of components and position of BL Lacertae objects. In the paper, we investigated the properties of RBLs and XBLs and RBLs/XBLs (these objects can also be found by radio survey as by X-ray survey). Firstly, we collected the light curve of 28 BL Lacertae objects, and gained their short timescales by Structure Function (SF). Secondly, we analyzed the distribution of the short timescales of some BL Lacertae objects, including 28 objects’ timescales calculated by SF, as well as the distribution of the redshift and the black hole mass and the flux densities of the multi-wavebands (radio, near-infrared, optical and Gamma-ray). Based on statistical analysis, the result of the paper support the unification model of RBLs and XBLs.     

渤海湾牡蛎礁的研究现状与保护建议

通过对渤海湾西北岸全新世牡蛎礁调查研究现状及成果的梳理,阐述了牡蛎礁的结构特征、时空分布和古环境要素:(1)牡蛎礁和上覆泥质沉积层具有"二元结构"特征;(2)在距今8270年以来,沿北西-南东方向包括现代活体牡蛎礁在内共分为10~14道礁群(其中有4道可视作亚礁群);(3)"礁泥转换"和礁体内部直立的正常建礁层与水平夹层所记录的缓变型和突变型的环境变化信息;(4)确定了牡蛎礁顶板可以作为海面标志点,以礁顶的实测高度、再增加"±0.7 m"的礁顶起伏误差范围,重建当时的海平面;(5)牡蛎壳体的同位素研究揭示了牡蛎生长的年度和季节性变化规律;(6)牡蛎礁体及岭地共同记录了海岸线变迁历史.以此为基础,介绍了牡蛎礁博物馆选址和现代活牡蛎的调查结果.最后,提出了牡蛎礁的保护和利用牡蛎礁进行生态海岸修复的建议.     

BTEX anomalies used as indicators of submarine oil and gas reservoirs

It is a conventional method for petroleum prospecting to generally use paraffin hydrocarbon as basic indexes of oil and gas. This conventional geochemical technology, however, shows some limits in the prospecting as paraffin is vulnerable to influences from human and biologic activities. Consequently, BTEX (short for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylem, which are direct biomarkers) among aromatic hydrocarbon series has been taken into account for the oil and gas prediction. Domestic and foreign study results demonstrate that BTEX is hardly disturbed and can well indicate oil and gas reservoirs. Based on measured data from a South China Sea area, the present authors have used self-developed visual assessment software for petroleum prospecting has been used to process data, strip background anomalies, and outline significant BTEX anomalies. By comparison with stratigraphic profiles of the target area, it is confirmed that BTEX is a good indication of marine oil and gas during the petroleum prospecting.     

低纬子午环配备科学CCD的必要性和可行性

从基本天体测量学科的发展趋势和低纬子午环的课题目标出发，叙述了该仪器配备科学ＣＣＤ的必要性和对仪器性能的相应要求，并根据仪器的各种误差的测定方法和测定精度的分析，论述了该仪器配备科学ＣＣＤ后对天体位置作高精度绝对测定的可行性，文中还提出了对配备科学ＣＣＤ的总体要求。     

基于众源轨迹数据的人造地表覆盖增量信息提取

目前,我国已研制出2000年、2010年两期30m分辨率全球地表覆盖数据集。为了保持该数据集的现势性,需要及时发现全球地表覆盖增量信息并更新相应数据。采用遥感影像、测绘数据提取全球地表覆盖变化信息的传统方式,存在费用高,不及时等问题。近年来众源地理数据迅猛发展,特别是由于众源轨迹数据具有免费共享、可靠性强与准实时等优点被广泛应用在交通道路信息提取的应用中。经分析我们发现轨迹数据与人造地表覆盖之间存在一定的对应关系,因此,本文研究提出了一种采用众源轨迹提取人造地表覆盖增量信息的方法。该方法首先对原始轨迹数据进行预处理,然后将轨迹数据栅格化,再依据轨迹点栅格覆盖比率进行人造地表覆盖数据粗提取并去除微小孔洞及独立栅格单元,最后将其与全球人造地表覆盖数据作栅格运算提取人造地表覆盖增量信息,并用纽约市实际轨迹数据验证了该方法的可行性。     

湖南省高速公路用地政策的应用实践和探讨

近十年来,湖南省高速公路建设呈现出几何级数增长,在湖南省高速公路建设发展强劲的同时,其用地政策执行中还存在诸多问题,如粗放用地,未批先用、以批代供、临时用地多,复垦难度大,经营性用地未实行有偿使用,高速公路用地登记发证滞后等。本文结合湖南省高速公路用地特点,深入剖析其用地政策中存在的问题,并针对加强湖南省高速公路用地管理,完善高速公路用地政策提出意见建议。     

Characteristics and interpretation of the seismic signal of a field-scale landslide dam failure experiment

Outburst floods caused by breaches of landslide dams may cause serious damages and loss of lives in downstream areas; for this reason the study of the dynamic of the process is of particular interest for hazard and risk assessment. In this paper we report a field-scale landslide dam failure experiment conducted in Nantou County, in the central of Taiwan.The seismic signal generated during the dam failure was monitored using a broadband seismometer and the signal was used to study the dam failure process.We used the short-time Fourier transform(STFT) to obtain the time–frequency characteristics of the signal and analyzed the correlation between the power spectrum density(PSD) of the signal and the water level. The results indicate that the seismic signal generated during the process consisted of three components: a low-frequency band(0–1.5 Hz), an intermediate-frequency band(1.5–10 Hz) and a highfrequency band(10–45 Hz). We obtained the characteristics of each frequency band and the variations of the signal in various stages of the landslide dam failure process. We determined the cause for the signal changes in each frequency band and its relationship with the dam failure process. The PSD sediment flux estimation model was used to interpret the causes of variations in the signal energy before the dam failure and the clockwise hysteresis during the failure. Our results show that the seismic signal reflects the physical characteristics of the landslide dam failure process. The method and equipment used in this study may be used to monitor landslide dams and providing early warnings for dam failures.     

A back-propagation neural-network-based displacement back analysis for the identification of the geomechanical parameters of the Yonglang landslide in China

Xigeda formation is a type of hundred-meter-thick lacustrine sediments of being prone to triggering landslides along the trunk channel and tributaries of the upper Yangtze River in China. The Yonglang landslide located near Yonglang Town of Dechang County in Sichuan Province of China, which was a typical Xigeda formation landslide, was stabilized by anti-slide piles. Loading tests on a loading-test pile were conducted to measure the displacements and moments. The uncertainty of the tested geomechanical parameters of the Yonglang landslide over certain ranges would be problematic during the evaluation of the landslide. Thus, uniform design was introduced in the experimental design, and by which, numerical analyses of the loading-test pile were performed using Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC^3D) to acquire a database of the geomechanical parameters of the Yonglang landslide and the corresponding displacements of the loading-test pile. A three-layer back-propagation neural network was established and trained with the database, and then tested and verified for its accuracy and reliability in numerical simulations. Displacement back analysis was conducted by substituting the displacements of the loading-test pile to the well-trained three-layer back-propagation neural network so as to identify the geomechanical parameters of the Yonglang landslide. The neural-network-based displacement back analysis method with the proposed methodology is verified to be accurate and reliable for the identification of the uncertain geomechanical parameters of landslides.     

The influence of key environmental variables on phytoplankton community structure in the estuary of tidal rivers around Luoyuan Bay,China

A total of 348 species belonging to 8 phyla and 125 genera were observed in seasonally sampled phytoplankton of tidal rivers from 13 sampling sites around Luoyuan Bay, and all field samplings were carried out in productive period(March/June/August/December) at ebb tide. Bacillariophyta species were the most abundant species, followed by Chlorophyta, Cyanophytes, Euglenophyta, Cryptophyta, Dinophyta, Xanthophyta and Chrysophytas. Seasonal distribution index(SDI) value ranged from 0.63 to 0.86, which meant that species found at those sites in 4 seasons tended to be largely different. Phytoplankton individuals ranged from 5.939×10~4 ind L~(-1) in winter to 75.31×10~4 ind L~(-1) in autumn. Phytoplankton biomass ranged from 0.620 mg L~(-1) in summer to 2.373 mg L~(-1) in autumn. The grey correlation analysis(GCA) showed that the nutrient variables played an important role in the influence on phytoplankton community in every season. The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) revealed impact of environmental variables on the different species, most of Bacillariophyta species were negative correlation with nutrients(TP and NH_3-N) in the four seasons, Chlorophyta species and Cyanophyta species did not show obvious correlation with environment variables in every season. The combination of GRA analysis and CCA analysis provided a method to quantitatively reveal the correlation between phytoplankton community and environmental variables in water body of tidal rivers at this region.     

Climate variability and predictability associated with the Indo-Pacific Oceanic Channel Dynamics in the CCSM4 Coupled System Model

An experiment using the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4), a participant of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase-5 (CMIP5), is analyzed to assess the skills of this model in simulating and predicting the climate variabilities associated with the oceanic channel dynamics across the Indo-Pacific Oceans. The results of these analyses suggest that the model is able to reproduce the observed lag correlation between the oceanic anomalies in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean and those in the cold tongue in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean at a time lag of 1 year. This success may be largely attributed to the successful simulation of the interannual variations of the Indonesian Throughflow, which carries the anomalies of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) into the western equatorial Pacific Ocean to produce subsurface temperature anomalies, which in turn propagate to the eastern equatorial Pacific to generate ENSO. This connection is termed the “oceanic channel dynamics” and is shown to be consistent with the observational analyses. However, the model simulates a weaker connection between the IOD and the interannual variability of the Indonesian Throughflow transport than found in the observations. In addition, the model overestimates the westerly wind anomalies in the western-central equatorial Pacific in the year following the IOD, which forces unrealistic upwelling Rossby waves in the western equatorial Pacific and downwelling Kelvin waves in the east. This assessment suggests that the CCSM4 coupled climate system has underestimated the oceanic channel dynamics and overestimated the atmospheric bridge processes.