四川马尔康日部地区地貌及地质特征对工程选址的影响

工程区周边地貌特征不但是判识新构造运动的重要标志,而且对河谷发育及区域稳定性评价是十分重要的.对拟建的大渡河巴拉水电站的河谷阶地以及水电站的上、中、下坝区域内的现存地貌和第四系进行了详细的调查,从研究当地地貌和河谷地貌特征、河流阶地及第四系河床沉积物入手,分析当地地质作用发育史及其主要影响因素.     

High matrix interference affecting detection of PAH metabolites in bile of Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) used for biomonitoring of deep-water oil production

The characteristic biology and wide distribution of hagfish species makes them relevant for use in pollution biomonitoring at great water depths, particularly in regions where deep-water oil production may take place. The exposure of fish to petrogenic contaminants can normally be detected from the level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites in bile fluid. Some of these metabolites are strong fluorophores, allowing analytical detection by means of simple fluorometric techniques such as fixed wavelength fluorescence (FF) and synchronous fluorescence scanning (SFS). In the present study bile from Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) collected in pristine areas (Barents Sea and southwestern Norway) displayed strong bile fluorescence levels, suggesting the presence of PAH contaminants. However, gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses ruled out PAHs as the origin for this fluorescence signal. Rather, the bile of Myxine contains components resulting in unusually strong background fluorescence interfering at the wavelength pairs used for detection of PAH metabolites. Possible background for the observed matrix interference and implications for detection of PAH metabolites in hagfish is discussed.     

吉林省白山市硅藻土矿产资源概况分析

吉林省白山市的硅藻土矿产资源在数量和品位上,均位于世界前列。为了使硅藻土资源优势转化为经济优势,更好、更合理地开发利用硅藻土资源,笔者现对白山市硅藻土矿产资源形势进行分析,以建立科学、合理的规划体系,指导硅藻土矿产开发工作。     

TesTrack随钻测压工具在XX油田K14井的应用

地层压力测试是测井作业非常重要的环节,在研究地层压力剖面、判断流体性质、划分气、油、水流体界面、估算地层渗透率、预测地层产能等方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。BakerHughes公司的TesTrack随钻测压工具在XX油田首次应用,分析了该工具的特点及其应用效果,对该工具的推广应用具有重要的参考和借鉴意义。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定高锶高钡的硅酸盐样品中主量元素

用百分总和检查硅酸盐岩石全分析数据的质量是分析工作者的传统做法,但对于微量元素含量较高的样品,采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)进行测定,如果不考虑微量元素的含量及其对主量元素基体效应的影响,往往会使主量元素含量更加偏离真实值。本文针对Sr、Ba含量较高的硅酸盐样品,通过人工配制标准样品,扩大了Sr、Ba校准曲线的定量范围,主量元素校准中加入Sr、Ba的基体校正系数,达到了主量元素定量更加准确可靠的实际效果。采用此方法分析国家标准物质,各主量元素的精密度(RSD)均小于2%;分析不参加回归的标准物质和人工配制的标准样品,主量元素的测量值与标准值(或参考值)基本一致。该方法可以满足硅酸盐的测定要求,主量元素各项结果的加和能够达到《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》的一级标准(99.3%～100.7%)。     

陕西岚皋地区Oktavites spiralis(螺旋奥式笔石)发育过程的初步研究

Oktavites spiralis是志留纪兰多维列统特列奇阶的笔石带化石之一,具有重要的地层意义。为更精确地描述这一属种,对产自陕西岚皋地区的Cyrtograptus lapworthi笔石带的O.spiralis不同发育阶段的标本进行了详细研究,从而对其始部发育情况有了更深入的认识。同时,对O.spiralis发育过程的研究也可以成为对该属进行精确厘定的手段之一。     

河北省崆山白云洞成因与演化

河北省崆山白云洞发育在以中寒武统张夏组为主的碳酸盐岩地层中,平面形态主要受NNW向、NE向和近EW向断裂控制,垂向上可分为3层,各层洞穴以沿陡倾断裂侵蚀、溶蚀而成的通道相连.第一层厅堂状溶洞(天堂、人间和地府)沿NNW向断裂展布,形成于早更新世中晚期;第二层格网状洞穴(迷宫和龙宫上部)沿NNW.和NE向断裂发育,形成于中更新世中期—晚更新世初;第三层形态曲折的廊道形洞穴(龙宫下部)主要追踪NE和NNW向断裂延伸,形成于晚更新世晚期—早全新世初期.在白云洞形成发育过程中,曾经历了多次构造运动破坏.现今的白云洞,景观损毁、岩石破裂严重,灾害承受力低,因此洞穴结构稳定性保护和洞穴地质环境治理是当前重要而紧迫的任务.     

Intelligent Space Tube Optimization for speeding ground water remedial design

An innovative Intelligent Space Tube Optimization (ISTO) two-stage approach facilitates solving complex nonlinear flow and contaminant transport management problems. It reduces computational effort of designing optimal ground water remediation systems and strategies for an assumed set of wells. ISTO's stage 1 defines an adaptive mobile space tube that lengthens toward the optimal solution. The space tube has overlapping multidimensional subspaces. Stage 1 generates several strategies within the space tube, trains neural surrogate simulators (NSS) using the limited space tube data, and optimizes using an advanced genetic algorithm (AGA) with NSS. Stage 1 speeds evaluating assumed well locations and combinations. For a large complex plume of solvents and explosives, ISTO stage 1 reaches within 10% of the optimal solution 25% faster than an efficient AGA coupled with comprehensive tabu search (AGCT) does by itself. ISTO input parameters include space tube radius and number of strategies used to train NSS per cycle. Larger radii can speed convergence to optimality for optimizations that achieve it but might increase the number of optimizations reaching it. ISTO stage 2 automatically refines the NSS-AGA stage 1 optimal strategy using heuristic optimization (we used AGCT), without using NSS surrogates. Stage 2 explores the entire solution space. ISTO is applicable for many heuristic optimization settings in which the numerical simulator is computationally intensive, and one would like to reduce that burden.     

Uptake and tissue distribution of C4-C7 alkylphenols in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): relevance for biomonitoring of produced water discharges from oil production

The sensitivity of different tissues for assessment of chronic low-dose environmental exposure of fish to alkylphenols (APs) was investigated. We exposed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the laboratory to tritium labelled 4-tert-butylphenol, 4n-pentylphenol, 4n-hexylphenol, and 4n-heptylphenol via seawater (8 ng/l) and via contaminated feed (5 μg/kg fish per day). Measurements of different fish tissues during eight days of exposure and eight subsequent days of recovery revealed that APs administered via spiked seawater were readily taken up whereas the uptake was far less efficient when APs were administered in spiked feed. AP residues were mainly located in the bile fluid whereas the concentrations in liver were very low, indicating a rapid excretion and the liver-bile axis to be the major route of elimination. The biological half-life of APs in the exposed cod was short, between 10 and 20 h. Our study shows that in connection with biomonitoring of AP exposure in fish, assessment of AP metabolites in bile fluid is a more sensitive tool than detection of parent AP levels in liver or other internal tissues.