计算机测定震源参数

作者用“分离反复迭代法”对近年华南地位地震震原位置进行测定,并与其它方法比较,得出本文方法确定的震源参数的精度比其它方法高,特别是在多台的情况下,尤其明显。同时讨论了台站位置对测定震源位置的影响及本方法的优缺点。     

香港地区地震考察概况

广东省地震局赴港考察组访问考察观感,主要介绍了香港天文台的概况,该台从事地震研究及主要地震仪器设备的概况,以及该台的地磁观测方面的概况。     

Radar determination of the spatial structure of hydraulic conductivity

Spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity exerts a predominant control on the flow of fluid through porous media. Heterogeneities influence advective pathways, hydrodynamic dispersion, and density-dependent dispersion; they are, therefore, a key concern for studies of ground water resource development, contaminant transport, and reservoir engineering. Ground-penetrating radar contributes to the remote, geophysical characterization of the macroscale variability of natural porous media. On a controlled excavation of a glacial-fluvial sand and gravel deposit in the Fanshawe Delta area (Ontario, Canada), the hydraulic conductivity field of a 45 x 3 m vertical exposure was characterized using constant-head permeameter measurements performed on undisturbed horizontal sediment cores. Ground-penetrating radar data were collected along the excavation face in the form of both reflection and common midpoint surveys. Comparison of geostatistical analyses of the permeameter measurements and the radar data suggests thatthe horizontal correlation structure of radar stack velocity can be used to directly infer the horizontal correlation structure of hydraulic conductivity. The averaging nature of the common midpoint survey is manifest in the vertical correlation structure of stack velocity, making it less useful. Radar reflection data do not exhibit a spatial structure similar to that of hydraulic conductivity possibly because reflections are a result of material property contrasts rather than the material properties themselves.     

插桩过程对临近平台桩基础的影响研究

由于大型自升式钻井船的插桩位置通常距离海上钻井与采油平台较近,桩靴的插入过程可能会对临近平台的桩基础承载力和稳定性产生不利影响。以实际工程为背景,运用球孔扩张理论推导挤土效应产生的水平附加应力大小及其范围;提出一种近似考虑动力挤土效应的拟静力数值模拟方法,分析桩靴下沉到不同深度处时的桩基承载力、桩身应力和最大水平位移,并与静力分析结果进行对比。研究表明,桩靴插入过程对周围土体产生巨大的挤压和扰动作用,使得桩基承载力降低,桩身应力变大,最大水平位移增加;与静力法计算数值相比,由挤土效应导致的单桩承载力下降6%~8%,桩身应力增大30%~80%,桩身最大变形量增长1倍。     

Using existing data to estimate aquifer properties, Great Lakes Region, USA

To determine specific storage and porosity, areally limited and time-consuming aquifer tests are frequently done. Hydrogeologic studies often do not have the resources to collect such data and rely on existing data sources for aquifer properties. An alternative tool for determining these aquifer properties is the analysis of earth tides. The objective of this study was to determine whether existing water-level and barometric-pressure data could be used to determine aquifer properties, such as porosity and specific storage, on a regional scale. In this study, national databases from the Great Lakes Region were queried for continuous records of groundwater-level and barometric-pressure data. Records from 37 selected wells were then analyzed for barometric efficiency and earth-tide responses. Specific-storage (S(s) ) and porosity values were determined, and the quality of the results were assessed with a measure of the "goodness of fit" (percent variance) of reconstruction of the response. Records from wells completed in several aquifer systems were analyzed with varying degrees of success. Aquifer S(s) values ranging from 5.9 × 10(-8) to 3.8 × 10(-6) /m were derived, with percent variance of reconstruction ranging from 1% to 78%. Comparisons with aquifer and laboratory testing of S(s) and porosity are favorable if the percent variance of reconstruction is above about 30%. Although the earth-tide-analysis method is not suitable for every situation, the S(s) and porosity of aquifers can, in many places, be estimated with existing water-level and barometric-pressure data or with data that are relatively inexpensive to collect.     

长江西陵峡新滩滑坡地震记录的初步分析

长江西陵峡新滩滑坡地震记录较之通常滑坡记录有其一般特征,也有其典型性,记录波形中出现一组非常尖锐的清晰震相。本文通过滑坡附近10个地震台记录该震相的走时和衰减分析,以及震中距小于50公里的5个台站记录的波谱分析,确认它是整个滑坡过程中一次较强位错源辐射的直达S波震相,强度相当于一次M_L=2.0级地震。本文同时分析了其与通常滑坡记录具有共性的波形,解释结果认为,滑波记录仅是滑坡过程中一系列较强位错源的辐射波,它是以S波为主的体波迭加结果。最后指出这次滑坡的形式可能不完全是重力作用的结果,不能排除区域构造活动的影响。     

前兆台网中异常本底的分析

前兆观测中的噪声问题,不仅存在于单点单手段的前兆观测中,而且还存在于有多点多手段的前兆台网中。在一个前兆台网里,一般都会有百分之几的观测点项出现异常而其后并无地震发生,这即为前兆台网中的异常本底问题。而这些异常并不是由于观测仪器和外界干扰等原因所造成的。 前兆台网中的异常本底,可能是由于地壳中局部介质的应力积累、调整和释放这样一个无震过程所引起的。     

大中磁暴的重现性

从上海金山地磁台19O9—1972年(其中缺1945—1946二年)共计62年的磁照图中,量算了磁暴资科,利用其中变化幅度△H≥100γ者,进行了大、中磁暴重现性的分析,其结果是:重现磁暴出现的几率约为41％,缓始的、强度较小的磁暴具有比较高的重现倾向;重现磁暴具有半年波分布特性;太阳黑子活动周的下降时期磁暴重现性最明显;重现磁暴的重现间距主要是27天。     

第八章 海丰地震

1981年2—5月广东省海丰发生了一个震群,以其频度高、震级小、持续时间长,特别是社会影响大而引起海内外的关注。本文扼要叙述了这次海丰震群的特点及其所产生的严重社会影响,并分析其原因认为,这是由于震群本身震源浅而震感强,当地具有特定的社会和地理环境,过去在地震知识宣传中尚存在某些问题,特别是由于当地有关部门在处理震情方面发出预报性质的电文所产生的误传而造成的。本文还概述了在震情监视和安定群众情绪方面所采取的相应对策,包括加强监测措施,取得了大量现场资料,及时作出了合乎实际的震情判断;利用各种宣传媒介的宣传,排除了群众的疑虑,较快地安定了人心,恢复了正常的生活和生产秩序。     

静海地震台地磁短周期变化及其在地震短临预报中的应用

近年来的一些研究表明，由于地震前孕震区地下介质的电性结构的变化，将导致地磁短周期转换函数发生异常变化。通过对地震前后的地磁短周期转换函数的参数的计算、分析和研究，有可能提取出可靠的地震短临前兆异常（曾小苹等，１９９０）。为了进一步开展对该方法研究工作并使其在我区地震预测预报研究中得到应用，我们使用了静海台的地磁记录资料，分析计算了该台地磁短周期转换函数在地震前后的变化情况，确立了该方法应用天津地区地震预报的短临异常特征及指标，取得了较好的效果。