岩石图象分析在强胶结储层中流体流动通过特征方面的应用：美国,宾夕法尼亚

凯思油田储层是上泥盆系强胶结砂岩，平均孔隙率为１１５。大多数孔隙空间是自生粘土中的显微孔隙。尽管品质较差，但在注水条件下，该储层每口井日产１７桶原油。本文的目的是根据储层孔隙显微结构特征来解释这一现象，对凯思储层薄片的数字图象资料进行统计分析表明，存在五种孔隙类型，其中两种（孔隙类型４和５）是长石溶解的产物，图像分析结果与岩心压汞资料的对比表明，孔隙类型４具有足够大的喉道控制储层的渗透率。然而，若     

怀俄明州积雪场CO2,CH4和N20的通量及其对全球预算的指示意义

三种主要的温室气体－ＣＯ２、ＣＨＲ和Ｎ２Ｏ－在大气中日益升高的浓度总共占所预期的全球变暖效应的约７０％，但是对于其中的任何一种气体来说，生产－消耗预算都是不平衡的。积雪可覆盖北半球陆地面积的４４％￣５３％，并且在高山及亚高山区，可以有好几米深的积雪厚度持续半年多。大多数微量气体预算假定：当土壤被积雪覆盖或土壤温度降至约０℃时，微量气体交换便会停止。因此，通常认为高山及亚高山区土壤是大气ＣＯ２的总汇     

夏威夷玄武岩的植物风化

含钙、镁硅酸盐矿物的风化是影响地质时期大气中ＣＯ２含量的一个重要过程。风化淅出的钙和镁在溶液中被搬运到海洋里,并在那里作为碳酸盐沉淀下来。不同地质时期化学风化作用受地壳运动引起的陆地面积、位置和地形的变化、全球气候的变化、岩石类型暴露的变化和生物进化...     

海水中的热液沉淀物和溶解磷酸盐中的P／Fe和V／Fe之间的关系

溶解磷酸盐是海水中海洋浮游植物生长的重要营养物,某些情况下,它能限制原始生产力（Ｋａｒｌ等,１９９５）。在所有的海洋地区,溶解磷酸盐在表层中与浮游生物混在一起,并且在中层水和深层水中被再矿化了。几位科学家的研究表明,在洋中脊顶部和脊侧翼地区的脊顶扩张...     

赤道太平洋上厄尔尼诺的影响对大气二氧化碳聚集的贡献

在１９９２年北方的春季和秋季、１９９３年的春季、１９９４年的春季和秋季以及１９９６年的春季和秋季这两个野外季节,获得了一整套大气和海洋表层二氧化碳分压（ｐＣＯ２）测量结果及有意义的水文数据。１９９２～１９９４年的春季航次是在温暖的厄尔尼诺／南方波动事件期间进行的,秋季航次是在“冻舌”条件下进行的。东赤道太平洋具有高海水ｐＣＯ２和赤道底流上涌造成的高养分浓度的特征。这种水团由向西流动的南赤道流和上升的亚热带水混合而成,并由Ｅｋｍａｎ辐射沿着赤道向极地方向搬运。作为这些过程的结果,这个地区成为大洋内…     

Antibiotic resistant pathogens versus human impacts: a study from three eco-regions of the Chennai coast, southern India

We assessed the occurrence of pollution indicators and antibiotic resistant bacterial isolates from water and sediment samples of three different eco-regions of the Chennai coast between March - May of 2010. Total of 960 bacterial strains belonging to four genera were isolated which show the highest frequencies of resistance to vancomycin (53.6%) and penicillin (52.6%) (except Enterococcus sp., which is highly resistant to erythromycin) and lowest frequencies of resistance to chloramphenicol (3.43%), ciprofloxacin (3.95%), gentamicin (4.68%), and tetracycline (6.97%). The E. coli, Vibrio sp., Salmonella sp. and Enterococcus sp. show high frequency of resistance to 2-5 antibacterials of 60.4%, 45.83%, 69.16% and 46.6%, respectively. High pollution indices (PI - 6.66-14.06) and antibiotic resistance indices (ARI - 0.29-0.343) indicate that the coastal environment is highly exposed to antibiotic sources that suggesting to avoid direct contact.     

Fish bile as a biomarker for metal exposure

Fish accumulate several trace elements in muscle, gills and liver, however studies also indicate that metals can be excreted through bile. Since metal contamination leads to modifications in bile composition, biliary excretion offers an alternative way to evaluate the presence of trace-elements. Bile is easier to obtain than other organs and presents a simpler matrix, making it easier for chemical pre-treatment. To verify if bile can be useful as a biomonitoring tool for metal contamination, liver and bile trace element concentrations were determined and correlated. The Artificial Neural Networks statistical technique was used to verify if liver trace-element quantification could be substituted by bile analysis. Results show that significant correlations were obtained between trace elements in bile and liver and the ANN validated the hypothesis that certain trace-elements in bile could be utilized instead of liver trace-elements. Further studies in this field are of interest to further validate this biomarker.