金属矿床中铀的来源

在目前开釆的許多矿床中,鈾的来源并不清楚,因而在成因上尚存在着許多不一致的假說。最流行的两种假说是:鈾是通过普通地下水从碎屑岩或火成岩中淋滤而来;鈾在晚期残余流体中从花崗岩浆或鹼性岩浆析出。經过慎重考証后发現,即使有属于对普通碎屑岩或火成岩的淋滤形成的矿床,也只是极少数,而許多矿床則是金属矿床中鈾的再分佈結果或是早先由上升溶液所形成的富集物。最近工作表明,上升溶液在花崗岩形成以前很早就由岩浆开始析出,可能一直断断續續到分离結晶結束为止。含鈾溶液从岩浆的析出和輝綠岩与煌斑岩脈的侵入似乎在同时一期。从較酸性的岩浆分異体中析出的鈾似乎比重不大。后生鈾矿床和各种类型火成岩侵入体以及主要构造单元之間的空間关系有力地說明了在大多数地区鈾都产于相当深的地方,这些矿床中的金属組合只能用这种假設才可得到解释。地表水只能淋滤和再分佈某些类型矿床中的內生鈾及其伴生金属,例如,在科罗拉多高原的那些矿床或气候干燥地区矿脈的上部。     

用于地质研究的质谱计

由于高精度质谱计的使用范围日益扩大及其可靠性的不断增长,使一些地质问题的研究方法有了新的重大发展。这些方法的重要性日益增加,目前已为质谱计的应用提供了主耍的场所。在地球化学中有三个经常碰到的问题,即放射性测定年龄、研究非放射成因的同位素丰度变异及分析微量元素,它们都需要相当专门性质的质谱技术。例如,在地质年代学研究中使用的仪器,要求在小质量范围内,重复测量结果的偏差不大于千分之几;而许多丰度变异的研究,要求偏差要在万分之一左右。本文从较为专门     

塘古坳陷构造—沉积演化及其油气勘探方向

塔里木盆地塘古坳陷历经20余年勘探而成效甚微,在新的地震与钻井资料基础上,通过地层沉积对比、构造解析重新认识塘古坳陷的形成与演化,及其对勘探方向的指示研究,结果表明：1）塘古地区存在基底古隆起,寒武系自塔中向南逐渐减薄;2）本区钻揭中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩地层连续,不存在寒武系—中奥陶统的台槽;3）上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积期在东西两侧发育巨厚的台地边缘相带,而坳陷区相变为盆地泥岩相;4）北东向冲断构造具有分层变形特点,断裂活动始于晚奥陶世早期,冲断推覆作用主要形成于奥陶纪末。结果揭示塘古坳陷经历4期构造关键演化期：1）寒武—中奥陶世与塔中连为一体的碳酸盐岩台地发育期;2）上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积期受控东南板缘俯冲与碰撞作用的台盆形成期;3）奥陶纪末强烈沉降的挤压挠曲盆地定型期;4）志留纪—泥盆纪的构造改造期。该结果为盆地构造古地理研究与深层油气评价提供了基础,并提出了勘探新方向。     

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区走滑断裂带油气分布与油藏模式

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区石油勘探开发进入深度高达8 000 m的坳陷区,油气主要沿走滑断裂带分布,研究超深层断控油气藏分布规律对油气勘探开发具有重要意义。通过大量勘探开发资料分析与油藏解剖表明,哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气沿主断裂带1.8 km范围内条带状分布,高效井主要分布在距主断裂带600 m范围内。油气沿断裂带分布具有分段性,断裂的类型、规模与性质影响油气运聚成藏,油气富集主要受控于主断裂带的规模。高效井一般距主断裂近、储层规模大、侧向封闭好,为断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏。走滑断裂断控油气藏不同于礁滩体与风化壳“相控”油气藏,对复杂碳酸盐岩油气藏评价开发具有重要意义。     

PROGRAM FOR PROCESSING OF HISTORICAL LABORATORY DATA BASED ON FUZZY SET THEORY AS A TOOL FOR DECISION SUPPORT

A computer program(FEA)is presented for processing historical laboratory data.It performs on a list ofsample entries stored in a laboratory information management system.Using an algorithm which is basedon fuzzy set theory,FEA classifies the entries into a limited number of clusters called sample types.Theclassification is fully user-defined.The program transforms the historical data into a representation whichis more suitable for studying the performance of the laboratory or which can be used as preparation for asimulation project.     

三峡军魂——记奋战在三峡工程的武警水电官兵

2003年6月16日,一个永远载入三峡工程史册的日子。这天,三峡工程永久船闸成功地进行了试通航。 站在海拔262米的三峡工程制高点坛子岭上,俯瞰长江,横亘入视野的是一条气贯长虹、如乃削斧切的"黄金水道",雄伟的船队通过6442米长的双线5级船闸浩浩荡荡远航而去,长江航线航运新篇章由此掀开。一种强烈的震撼深深地叩击着人们的心灵:是谁鬼斧神工般缔造了这座世界航运史上的惊世之作?答案就镌刻在永久船闸悬崖峭壁上:奉献在三峡,军威壮中华!这是中国人民武装警察水电部队的数千名官兵征战三峡时发出的豪迈誓言。     

Gonadal histology and serum vitellogenin levels of bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus from the Northern Pacific Ocean--absence of endocrine disruption bio-indicators

Endocrine disrupting chemicals such as organochlorines have been detected in a large number of marine fish. Histological observation of the gonads, measurement of serum vitellogenin (VTG) level and of liver polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) content were performed to evaluate the reproductive health and the contamination with endocrine disruptors in bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus, collected in the northern Pacific Ocean in 1999 and 2000. Abnormalities commonly found in species affected by endocrine disruptors such as the presence of oocytes in the testis or elevated serum VTG levels were not found in any of males examined. Both males and females had only small amounts of liver PCB content. The results suggest that currently there is little if any risk of organochlorine contamination or endocrine disruption of gonadal function in bigeye tuna from the northern Pacific Ocean. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate the health status of the open sea fishery resources.     

The status of the ecological environment and a proposed protection strategy in Sanya Bay,Hainan Island,China

Sanya Bay encompasses a high diversity of natural habitats, ranging from coral reefs, rocky and sandy shores and mudflats to mangroves. Seasonal physicochemical and biological investigations were conducted from 1998 to 1999 and again in April 2000. Water-related environmental quality in Sanya Bay is in good condition. The levels of dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals are within the first class of National Seawater Quality Standards for China. Annual mean values of chlorophyll a of 0.93 mg m(-3) and phytoplankton primary productivity of 440.8 mgC m(-2)d(-1), respectively, were found in the waters, both of which show a significant correlation with inorganic nitrogen. A mean new productivity of 144.6 mgC m(-2) d(-1) was recorded in summer. Sanya Bay is rich in natural resources and biodiversity with 235 species of phytoplankton and 129 species of zooplankton identified in the survey. The annual mean abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton were 1564 x 10 cells m(-3) and 121 individuals m(-3), respectively, with an annual mean zooplankton biomass of 129 mg m(-3). A total of 243 species of fish were sampled in the survey including many of high economic value. Three hundred and eighty-four species of benthos in 121 families were found by mud sampling and trawling. The average biomass of benthic organisms was 11.55 gm(-2), with a density of 31 individuals m(-2). Molluscs were the dominant group, followed by crustaceans; coelenterates exhibited the lowest biomass. One hundred and twenty-six species from 48 families of intertidal organisms were collected by frame sampling, with a mean annual biomass of 644.7 gm(-2) and average density of 816 individuals m(-2). The highest biomass of 1673.5 gm(-2) was collected in a coral reef region, while the highest density of 1219 individuals m(-2) occurred in a mangrove region. The coastline is characterized by coral reefs that accounts for 30% of the total coastline length in the bay, so coral reefs are a key ecosystem that are important for maintaining the regional marine resources and biodiversity. We need to pay much more attention to such diverse marine resources to maintain the integrity and function of these coastal ecosystems.