长江三峡巴东复杂斜坡系统成因研究

三峡库区巴东县新城区所在的扇形大斜坡是一个复杂斜坡系统。斜坡后缘边界的挤压变形带是斜坡整体沿其底界面（T1j^3-T2b^1）之间岩层界面向长江发生重力蠕滑作用的结果,不存在“巴东断裂”问题。斜坡系统内部未发现成规模的褶皱,也不存在数量众多的内动力成因的断裂带。巴东斜坡区浅表生变形破坏类型可概括为侧向拉裂、“雪崩式”垮塌、表层风化、侧向滑移张剪破裂、岩层折断变位、软岩膝折剪破裂和压扭破裂又重胶结7种重力卸荷破坏力学模式。斜坡系统内部发育分期分区（块）滑动（滑坡）现象,但不存在构造地质意义上的“断层”形迹。在地貌形态上,巴东大斜坡被4条冲沟分割成5个斜坡单元。在斜坡地质结构、成因类型与空间分布上,巴东大斜坡可划分为3个层次,即表层崩塌滑坡成因为主的堆积层（第一层次）,冲沟分割且浅表生地质形迹发育的层状顺倾的中间基岩层（第二层次）和整体连续顺倾的深层基岩层（第三层次）。分形几何计算证明,巴东大斜坡的地貌形态尚处于侵蚀发育的青（幼）年期。FLAC^3D数值模拟发现,在长江侵蚀下切的不同阶段,巴东斜坡体前缘和后缘接近底界面位置塑性变形区分布集中,但不具备沿深层界面发生整体滑动剪出的可能性。基本认识是,“巴东复杂斜坡系统”是在官渡口-东瀼口向斜南翼（单斜山）的地质背景下,持续经受长江快速侵蚀下切外动力作用,河谷岸坡快速临空导致其自身重力产生强烈的侧向卸荷与滑移等浅表生地质改造作用过程而形成的,可简单地概括为“重力成因论”。     

草原区露天煤矿排土场立地类型划分及生态修复技术筛选（英文）

为研究矿区立地类型与生态修复技术的对位配置,本文选取了内蒙古西部草原矿区生态修复多年的露天煤矿排土场,对其坡体防护效果、植被恢复效果、土壤改良效果和工程技术成本进行了综合评价,以期建立露天煤矿排土场的立地类型分类体系及其对位生态修复技术,为内蒙古西部草原矿区生态修复提供理论指导和技术支撑。研究结果如下：（1）覆土厚度、坡度和坡向是影响排土场立地条件的主导因子,据此将排土场划分为9种立地类型。（2）厚层陡半阴半阳坡优先推荐“植物网格护坡+植苗+撒播+喷灌”,次推荐“六棱砖护坡+浆砌石截排水沟+撒播+喷灌”;中层陡半阴半阳坡优先推荐“浆砌石骨架护坡+浆砌石截排水沟+撒播+喷灌”,次推荐“撒播+植被毯覆盖+喷灌”;薄层陡半阴半阳坡推荐“砾石压盖+浆砌石截排水沟”;厚层陡阳坡优先推荐“生态袋拦挡+植苗+撒播+植被毯覆盖+喷灌”,次推荐“生态袋拦挡+撒播+稻草帘覆盖+喷灌”;厚层急阳坡推荐“植物网格护坡+浆砌石挡墙+撒播+喷灌”;厚层陡阴坡优先推荐“生态袋拦挡+植苗+撒播+植被毯覆盖+喷灌”,次推荐“植生袋覆盖+浆砌石挡墙+喷灌”;中层陡阴坡推荐“生态袋拦挡+波纹管排水+植苗+撒播+植被毯覆盖+...     

加里福尼亚南部岸外泥火山的甲烷成因方解石、13C亏损的双壳类贝壳以及气水合物

沿大陆边缘的气体和流体通量与构造—沉积过程和(产生冷泉、温泉和甲烷水合物的)物化条件有关(如Obzhirov等,2004)。我们对水合物进行了深入研究,因为它对块体坡移、能源、全球气候突然变化以及全球的碳质量平衡具有潜在的贡献。其中冷泉尤其重要,因为其与大的气体和流体通量、     

基于Android终端的GIS林业数据采集系统设计

在野外利用智能终端设备采集数据可以保证获取资料的便利性与准确性。针对林业数据的数量庞大、科目多样、分布区域广泛等特点,本系统基于现有的Android平台结合百度地图API及定位SDK组件调用进行二次开发,实现地图接入、位置定位、路线搜索等服务,通过相关命令调用终端拍照等应用在数据库中实现数据采集、属性记录及导出功能,系统主要包括登录模块、采集模块、数据管理模块等。本文设计的Android终端GIS采集数据系统可以满足外业人员对林业数据的核查、修改与采集需求,为野外核查工作提供了新的模式和方法。     

Morphological and molecular evidence supports the first occurrence of two fishes,Siganus sutor(Valenciennes, 1835)and Seriolina nigrofasciata(Rüppell, 1829)(Actinopterygii:Perciformes), from marine waters of Odisha coast,Bay of Bengal,India

Marine ecosystems provide a wide variety of diverse habitats that frequently promote migration and ecological adaptation. The extent to which the geographic distribution of marine organism has reshaped by human activities remains underappreciated. The limitations intrinsic to morphology-based identification systems have engendered an urgent need for reliable genetic methods that enable the unequivocal recognition of fish species,particularly those that are prone to overexploitation and/or market substitution. In the present study, however, an attempt has been taken to identify two locally adapted fish species, Siganus sutor(Valenciennes, 1835) and Seriolina nigrofasciata(Rüppell, 1829) of order Perciformes, which happens to be the first record in Odisha coast,Bay of Bengal. The diagnostic characteristics of Siganus sutor are: dorsal fin XIII-10, anal fin VII-9, pectoral fin 15,pelvic fin II-3, while that of Seriolina nigrofasciata dorsal fin VI-I-35, anal fin I-17, pectoral fin 16, pelvic fin 5. All COI barcodes generated in this study were matched with reference sequences of expected species, according to morphological identification. Bayesian and likelihood phylogenetic trees were drawn based on DNA barcodes and all the specimens clustered in agreement with their taxonomic classification at the species level. The phylogeographic studies based on haplotype network and migration rates suggest that both the species were not panmitic and the high-frequency population distribution indicates successful migration. The result of this study provides an important validation of the use of DNA barcode sequences for monitoring species diversity and changes within a complex marine ecosystem.     

Challenges in the Detection and Attribution of Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Trends Since 1850

Since 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) has heavily relied on the comparison between global climate model hindcasts and global surface temperature(ST) estimates for concluding that post-1950s global warming is mostly human-caused. In Connolly et al., we cautioned that this approach to the detection and attribution of climate change was highly dependent on the choice of Total Solar Irradiance(TSI) and ST data sets.We compiled 16 TSI and five ST data sets and found by alter...     

海南东寨港海草资源分布特征及影响因素

东寨港海草种类主要有2科2属3种,分别是单脉二药草Halodule uninervis、卵叶喜盐草Halophila ovalis以及贝克喜盐草Halophila beccarii,卵叶喜盐草与贝克喜盐草为东寨港优势种。东寨港海草资源面积约264.00 hm^2,平均盖度在52.13%,平均密度9901.00株/m^2,平均生物量37.46 g/m^2。东寨港内海草资源处于退化状态,主要受底质类型、水环境、潮汐汊道、渔业活动、陆源污染、非法渔业以及自然因素等影响。通过对东寨港海草分布特征及变化分析,提高公众对潟湖海草保护意识,为海南岛潟湖海草床的保护与修复提供科学依据。