不等距差分格式的计算紊乱问题

本文用物理分析方法研究不等距差分格式和大小网格相配套的格式中存在的计算紊乱问题,指出在一般情况下,当扰动由粗网格进入细网格时,在粗网格一侧将产生二倍格距的寄生伪反射;若扰动由细网格进入粗网格,在细网格一侧也产生上述的寄生伪反射;而且当振动频率较高(“超高频条件”)时,波动能量几乎全部变为寄生伪反射波,产生严重的计算紊乱。因此设计计算格式时,必须注意避免形成“超高频条件”。文中还比较了三种构造不等距差分格式的方法:(a)坐标变换法(b)加权平均法(c)Isaacson法。指出:当不出现超高频条件且波长>6δs时,三法都可给出较小的寄生伪反射率,而以(b)法为最优。但当波长较短且无超高频条件时只有(b)法才能给出较小的寄生伪反射率。     

发展方程差分格式的构造和应用

本文把许多拟线性方程归结为算子形式的“发展方程”:F/t+AF=0.证明了带有非负算子A的“强隐式(即1/2≤θ≤1)格式”是绝对隐定的;而带有反对称算子A的“弱隐式和显式(即0≤θ≤1/2)格式”是绝对不稳定的。文中又以一维非线性平流方程为例,具体地构造了具有非负算子A的三种差分格式和相应的带人工耗散项的稳定格式,给出一个计算实例,说明后一类格式对消除虚假的寄生波也是很有效的,适于计算有间断的问题。     

夏季华北地区高空槽前有无暴雨的对比分析

本文通过两个个例的对比分析,研究夏季华北在什么条件下高空槽过境时会引起暴雨。发现有暴雨出现的高空槽,处于继续发展阶段,水汽充沛,在大尺度上升运动区域内,有中间尺度系统存在。而没有暴雨的高空槽,则转向衰减阶段,水源不足,没有中间尺度系统、 文中还给出高空槽暴雨的各种参数,这对预报有参考意义。     

关于大气湿度垂直分布的红外遥测

本文讨论了在气象卫星上用红外方法遥测大气湿度垂直分布的几个基本问题。分析了红外测湿和红外测温的原则区别,指出遥测湿度垂直分布应根据其特殊性按“最佳信息层”概念选择遥测通道,国外笼统地把测温的一套办法搬到测湿中并不合理。根据湿度遥测的“最佳信息层”概念,分析了红外测湿的重要局限。     

我国大气动力学和数值天气预报研究工作的进展

我国自解放以来大气动力学和数值天气预报研究工作蓬勃发展,取得了不少可喜的成果。在祖国各地已初步形成了一支从事动力学和数值预报工作的力量,研究与大气预报实践密切相关的各种动力学问题,尤其是对我国天气影响很大的问题,同时也注意到基础理论问题的研究。我国数值天气预报的理论及数学方法的研究工作也有许多成果,数     

成矿裂隙的成生和充填及其脉动性

成矿裂隙(简称矿裂)和自然界其他事物一样,有它自己发生、发展以至消亡的历史。矿裂与无脉体充填的断裂构造区别在于:它直接表现出来的是矿脉(或岩脉)。矿裂的发展过程可分为三个阶段:成生阶段、张开充填阶段和破坏阶段,各阶段的应力状况和表现形式可以不同。     

计算稳定性的若干问题

偏微分方程的近似解法都是用一个有限个自由度的系统来代替原来的连续介质系统。在步长为有限值(而非无穷小)情况下的计算稳定性、计算紊乱及计算准确度问题是个有实际重要性问题。本文从物理方面入手讨论这些问题,指出计算紊乱现象或计算不稳定现象是由三种机理造成的:频散效应、能谱非线性转移效应及能量增长效应;指出利用能量守恒方程及正交展开法对于克服计算紊乱现象和提高计算准确度来说可能是较好的。还特别讨论了原始方程的计算困难问题,指出非线性项的计算误差常能激发出强烈的短波长的快波,这是造成计算紊乱的最重要方面。     

生态城市空间结构优化组合模式及应用——以襄樊市为例

在回顾中外生态城市研究进展的基础上 ,提出以人为本 ,自然协调 ;因地制宜 ,规模适度 ;完善高效 ,园林绿化 ;整体协同 ,良性循环等生态城市空间结构优化组合的原则和“绿心组团网络式”城市空间结构模式。并以襄樊市为例进行实证分析。最后结论为生态城市是城市发展的必然趋势 ;构建城市发展引导机制 ,使城市建设逐步转向更加适宜人们居住的生态城市 ;“绿心组团网络式”城市空间结构是比较理想的生态城市空间结构模式之一。     

基于OpenGL的地形三维可视化研究

本文利用OpenGL开放图形库的200多个函数,在前人对三维可视化研究的基础上,基于实际生产中的需求,提出一种可行的“二次简化法”,实践证明,这种处理方法能够使生产出的三维地形图在兼顾高度逼真的同时,能够实际地处理空间分析操作运算,满足了生产中的需要。     

Application of a “Big-Tree” model to regional climate modeling: a sensitivity study

Summary ¶In order to better understand land-atmosphere interactions and increase the predictability of climate models, it is important to investigate the role of forest representation in climate modeling. Corresponding to the big-leaf model commonly employed in land surface schemes to represent the effects of a forest, a so called big-tree model, which uses multi-layer vegetation to represent the vertical canopy heterogeneity, was introduced and incorporated into the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) regional climate model RegCM2, to make the vegetation model more physically based. Using this augmented RegCM2 and station data for China during 1991 Meiyu season, we performed 10 experiments to investigate the effects of the application of the big-tree model on the summer monsoon climate.With the big-tree model incorporated into the regional climate model, some climate characteristics, e.g. the 3-month-mean surface temperature, circulation, and precipitation, are significantly and systematically changed over the model domain, and the change of the characteristics differs depending on the area. Due to the better representation of the shading effect in the big-tree model, the temperature of the lower layer atmosphere above the plant canopy is increased, which further influences the 850hPa temperature. In addition, there are significant decreases in the mean latent heat fluxes (within 20–30W/m²) in the three areas of the model domain.The application of the big-tree model influences not only the simulated climate of the forested area, but also that of the whole model domain, and its impact is greater on the lower atmosphere than on the upper atmosphere. The simulated rainfall and surface temperature deviate from the originally simulated result and are (or seem to be) closer to the observations, which implies that an appropriate representation of the big-tree model may improve the simulation of the summer monsoon climate.We also find that the simulated climate is sensitive to some big-tree parameter values and schemes, such as the shape, height, zero-plane displacement height and mixing-length scheme. The simulated local/grid differences may be very large although the simulated areal-average differences may be much lower. The area-average differences in the monthly-mean surface temperature and heat fluxes can amount to 0.5°C and 4W/m², respectively, which correspond to maximum local/grid differences of 3.0°C and 40W/m² respectively. It seems that the simulated climate is most sensitive to the parameter of the zero-plane displacement among the parameters studied.