金乡县采煤塌陷地现状及治理对策

随着煤炭工业的发展,煤炭资源开采的采空区逐年增多,大面积土地塌陷,大量农用土地遭到破坏,平地成为湖泊,农田不能耕作,土壤质量不断下降,生态环境恶化严重。因此搞好土地复垦和生态环境治理,不仅是利在当代,造福子孙的大事,也是实现国民经济和社会可持续发展的基础和保证。     

青藏高原总辐射变化对高原季节冻土冻结深度的影响

利用青藏高原及其毗邻地区22个辐射观测站建站至2000年的总辐射及日照百分率观测资料,确定了Angstrom-Prescott模型参数,以此模型估算了高原及毗邻地区116个站1961年1月至2000年12月份的总辐射.结合高原地区75个气象站的冻土观测资料,探讨了青藏高原地区总辐射变化对高原土壤季节冻结深度的影响.结果显示,冬季总辐射变化对季节冻深有较大影响.冷湖、玉树两个较典型的站点中总辐射与土壤冻结深度的负相关关系显著,与典型站点相似,德令哈、格尔木两站总辐射与季节冻深亦呈负相关.研究区域内,近乎80%的调查站点,总辐射与季节冻结深度之间关系呈现负相关;另外21%的站点呈现正相关关系.多元回归分析结果显示,纬度、海拔、总辐射及气温4个因子与季节冻结深度的相关显著.总辐射是高原土壤季节冻结深度的重要影响因子之一.     

厦门市海洋休闲渔业发展设想

为优化厦门市海洋休闲渔业的发展路线,文章通过对多年的渔业经济统计数据和本区域资源状况、发展现状和需求的综合分析,提出在厦门市建立多层次和多类型现代化海洋休闲渔业基地的发展设想。研究结果表明：近年来我国休闲渔业呈现占比上升和增速加快的发展优势,但也表现出发展不稳定和体量小等不足;福建省休闲渔业发展增速缓慢且体量较小,明显落后于全国平均水平;厦门市海洋休闲渔业已具雏形,但开发层次较低和规模较小,亟须充分挖掘资源、地理和文化优势,以重点项目设计为抓手,发展具有典型示范效应的产品,培育多样化、复合化和本土化的新型海洋休闲渔业产业。     

利用MODIS反演长江中游悬浮泥沙含量的初步研究

在众多卫星传感器中,中等分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)数据因其高的时间分辨率和中等的空间分辨率,对于水质研究具有自身的潜力和优越性.选取长江中游主河道武汉至宜昌段为例,利用MODIS 250 m波段数据定量反演了内陆河流悬浮泥沙的质量浓度.研究结果表明,地面实测的悬浮泥沙质量浓度与MODIS1,2波段的反射率组合(R1-R2)/(R1 R2)有很好的相关关系(相关系数 R2=0.72,样品数n=41),基于这种相关性建立了长江中游主河道武汉至宜昌段表层悬浮泥沙的遥感定量反演经验模型.     

台湾海峡三维风海流的数值模拟

本文利用POM模式模拟了季风在台湾海峡引起的风海流以及三维流场结构。在冬季和夏季两种条件下，得出了季风引起的水位变化和三维流场结构。结果显示在冬季季风的作用下，海峡的东部北部发生减水而西南部产生增水；在夏季海峡北部产生增水而东南部和西南部产生减水，在科氏力的作用下，风海流表层流向偏于风向右侧。风海流在20m处形成的流场和底层流场本文也给出了模拟结果。流速的艾克曼螺线显示；该海域的流速并不随水深加大而一致减小，而是先减小至一定深度再稍微增大，然后继结衰减而零。     

云南东部中泥盆世和晚泥盆世早期大孢子

笔者在研究云南东部中泥盆世和晚泥盆世早期孢子的过程中，发现丰富的大孢子．并进行了研究．本文图示的大孢子为8个属、30个种和变种．其中新种8个即；Verrucisporites reticuloides,V.lunanensis,Biharisporites microspinosus,Trichodosporites mirabilis,Nikitinsporites yunnanensis,N.sinensis,N.maximus和Lagenicula verrucosa等。云南东部中泥盆世和晚泥盆世早期大孢子组合基本上可与加拿大北极地区同期地层中的大孢子组合进行比较，亦可与西欧、原苏联和中国有关地层中的大孢子进行对比．该组合的研究对泥盆纪植物演化，地层划分与对比，古气候和沉积环境的研究有着重要的意义．     

Atmospheric models of He-peculiar stars: synthetic He I line profiles and absolute visual magnitudes

We analyze the influence of magnetic pressure effects on the atmospheric structure of B peculiar type stars, as well as, on the emergent He?I line profiles and absolute visual magnitudes. We consider a photosphere in local thermodynamic and hydrostatic equilibrium. The hydrostatic equilibrium equation is modified to include the Lorentz force. Atomic occupational numbers are computed in LTE considering non-ideal effects in the gas equation of state. We depict the influence of a magnetic field on local He?I line profiles and discuss the effects of the helium abundance in magnetic B-type stars. The Lorentz force might explain local variations up to 7 % in the equivalent width of helium lines, while local enhancements of He chemical abundances would produce larger changes. To analyze the line variations in real stars we computed the net contribution of a bipolar magnetic field over the stellar disk. The resulting disk-averaged magnetic field predicts variations with the rotation phase up to 2–3 % in the line EWs for a dipolar magnetic field of 1000 G.     

华北夏季大气水汽输送特征及其与夏季旱涝的关系

本文利用ECMWF再分析资料ERA40和中国160站的降水资料,分析了我国华北地区1958年-2002年夏季的大气水汽含量和水汽输送的基本气候特征,研究了华北夏季旱涝年的大气水汽含量和水汽输送异常情况,最后利用线性回归的方法探讨了该地区大气水汽含量和水汽输送的变化趋势.结果表明:华北地区夏季降水的大气水汽来源主要有3支:来自孟加拉湾的水汽、来自我国南海和西太平洋的水汽以及中高纬西风带的水汽输送.华北地区对流层低层以经向水汽输送通量为主,到了中高层则以纬向输送通量为主;与华北地区夏季旱涝密切相关的异常水汽输送主要是南海和西太平洋以及西风带水汽输送异常,华北地区南边界水汽输入异常和东边界水汽输出异常是造成华北夏季旱涝年水汽收支异常的主要原因;近半个世纪以来,伴随着华北干旱化的加剧,华北地区南边界输入的大气水汽呈现显著的减少趋势.     

Estimation of ground heat flux and its impact on the surface energy budget for a semi-arid grassland

Three approaches, i.e., the harmonic analysis (HA) technique, the thermal diffusion equation and correction (TDEC) method, and the calorimetric method used to estimate ground heat flux, are evaluated by using observations from the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) in July, 2008. The calorimetric method, which involves soil heat flux measurement with an HFP01SC self-calibrating heat flux plate buried at a depth of 5 cm and heat storage in the soil between the plate and the surface, is here called the ITHP approach. The results show good linear relationships between the soil heat fluxes measured with the HFP01SC heat flux plate and those calculated with the HA technique and the TDEC method, respectively, at a depth of 5 cm. The soil heat fluxes calculated with the latter two methods well follow the phase measured with the HFP01SC heat flux plate. The magnitudes of the soil heat flux calculated with the HA technique and the TDEC method are close to each other, and they are about 2 percent and 6 percent larger than the measured soil heat flux, respectively, which mainly occur during the nighttime. Moreover, the ground heat fluxes calculated with the TDEC method and the HA technique are highly correlated with each other (R² = 0.97), and their difference is only about 1 percent. The TDEC-calculated ground heat flux also has a good linear relationship with the ITHP-calculated ground heat flux (R² = 0.99), but their difference is larger (about 9 percent). Furthermore, compared to the HFP01SC direct measurements at a depth of 5 cm, the ground heat flux calculated with the HA technique, the TDEC method, and the ITHP approach can improve the surface energy budget closure by about 6 percent, 7 percent, and 6 percent at SACOL site, respectively. Therefore, the contribution of ground heat flux to the surface energy budget is very important for the semi-arid grassland over the Loess Plateau in China. Using turbulent heat fluxes with common corrections, soil heat storage between the surface and the heat flux plate can improve the surface energy budget closure by about 6 to 7 percent, resulting in a closure of 82 to 83 percent at the SACOL site.     

System identification and damage evaluation of degrading hysteresis of reinforced concrete frames

In this study, signal processing approaches and nonlinear identification are used to measure seismic responses of reinforced concrete (RC) structures using the shaking table test. To analyze structural nonlinearity, an equivalent linear system with time‐varying model parameters, singular spectrum analysis to elucidate residual deformation, and wavelet packet transformation analysis to yield the energy distribution among components are adopted to detect the nonlinearity. Then, damage feature extraction is conducted using both the Holder exponent and the Level‐1 detail of the discrete wavelet component. Finally, the modified Bouc‐Wen hysteretic model and the system identification process are employed to the shaking table test data to evaluate the physical parameters, including the stiffness degradation, the strength deterioration and the pinching hysteresis. Finally, the identified stiffness and strength degradation functions from the test data of RC frames in relation to the degree of ground shaking, damage index and the identified nonlinear features are discussed. Based on the proposed method, both signal‐based and model‐based identifications, the relationship between the damage occurrence and severity of structural damage can be identified. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.