An experimental comparison of the velocities and energies of focused spilling waves in deep water

Ocean Dynamics - It is important to achieve a better understanding of the wave energy variations occurring as a steep wave evolves towards breaking. Laboratory experiments of focused waves are...     

南秦岭寒武-奥陶纪碳酸岩台地演化

南秦岭早古生代碳酸岩台地属于扬子板块北部被动大陆边缘。台地经历了３个演化阶段:①下-中寒武统缓坡沉积阶段；②中寒武统-下奥陶统镶边陆棚沉积阶段；③中-上奥陶统混合陆棚沉积阶段。下志留统的进积陆源碎屑沉积淹没了全区。从台地相带的展布规律和古地理轮廓推测，早古生代时台地北侧可能存在一个已消失了的古陆。     

沉积盆地形成的张性模式

在过去的十余年中，对沉积盆地的成因已取得了很大进展，并提出了许多定性和定量的模型。本文旨在对张性盆地进行讨论，并简要分析影响盆地发展的主要因素和导致岩石圈内部张应力的力源。本文对三种主要模型进行了详细讨论，即纯剪切模型，简单剪切模型和纯剪切－简单剪切联合模型。所有模型虽都建立在对不同盆地的研究基础之上，但它们都揭示出盆地的发展主要受岩石圈内部热动力学过程和沉积物负载作用的控制。其它因素，如拆离面的     

Geochemical Characteristics and Implications of Eclogite Gravels from Mesozoic Strata at the Northern Margin of Dabie Orogenic Belt

The eclogite gravels, which were found in the Mesozoic Fenghuangtai and Maotanchang formations on the northern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt, are rich in K2O(1.21%),∑REE (278μg/g) ,and LILE(such as Rb, Ba, K, Th, etc.) , with high (La/Yb)N ratios(14.4),on the basis of the analyses of major elements, rare-earth elements (REE) and trace elements. Their enrichment in LILE, notable Nb-Ta depletion through, and depletion in HFSE relative to REE in comparison with the primitive mantle and N-MORB indicate that the protoliths of the eclogite gravels were formed in an island-arc setting. According to the Th-Hf-Ta discrimination diagram, the protoliths of the eclogite gravels are characterized by volcanic arc basalts.Trace element data indicate that the subducted marine sediments were assimilated in the magma chamber, resulting in the enrichment of LILE in the protoliths. Therefore, the protoliths of the eclogite gravels are considered to have been formed in an inland-arc setting, indicating that there had developed a paleo-inland arc before Triassic collision between the North and South China blocks in the Dabie orogenic belt. There is a marked difference between the eclogite gravels and the eclogites developed along the Dabie orngenic belt, solely based on their geochemical data,especially REE. Therefore, the eclogite gravels may not be derived from eclogite terrains preserved in the Dabie orogenic belt.     

Time range of Mesozoic tectonic regime inversion in eastern North China Block

An important tectonic inversion took place in eastern North China Block(NCB) during Mesozoic, which caused a great lithosphere thinning, reconstruction of basin-range series, powerful interaction between mantle and crust, a vast granitic intrusion and volcanism, and large-scale metallogenic explosion. The time range of the Mesozoic tectonic regime inversion in the eastern North China Block is one of the key issues to understand mechanism of tectonic regime inversion. Our updated results for recognizing the time range are mainly obtained from the following aspects: structural analyses along northern and southern margins of the NCB and within the NCB for revealing tectonic inversion from compression to extension and structural striking from -EW to NNE; geothermic analyses of the eastern sedimental basins for a great change of thermal history and regime; basin analysis for basin inversion from compression to extension and basin migration from -EW to NNE; petrological and geochemical studies of volcanic roc     

南秦岭镇安盆地泥盆纪沉积体系与古地理演化

通过对南秦岭镇安盆地泥盆系露头剖面的详细研究，将该区泥盆系划分为海岸、陆棚、斜坡-盆地及碳酸盐岩四种沉积体系，沉积体系及岩相组合具有南北向分异、东西向展布的特点。从地层由南向北超覆，相类型由北部的近源相至南部的远源相，以及碎屑搬运方向总体从北向南的变化趋势，更加确定了以前认为北部存在一个消失的古陆的认识。根据沉积体系及岩相组合的演化，把研究区的沉积盆地演化归纳为初始坳陷、拗陷和强裂断陷三个发展阶段，在不同的发展阶段具不同的环境格局，由北向南表现为：D2吉微特期古陆-海岸-陆棚；D2弗拉斯期古陆-碳酸盐台地-陆棚；D3法门期块断隆起-海岸-陆棚-斜坡-盆地-台地。     

秦岭早古生代沉积作用与构造演化

根据对秦岭及其两侧地台区沉积体系与旋回沉积的分析，认为该区在早古生代总体上处于板块的扩张阶段，其中巨厚的台地碳酸盐岩的广布的远洋沉积是其典型岩相。早奥陶世阿伦尼克中期华北地台南的一度隆升与剥蚀，标志着俯冲作用开始，但未发现加里东期碰撞造山作用的证据。该区晚奥陶世一志留纪大规模的海退主要是全球海平面下降的结果，与碰撞造山人关系不大。     

东秦岭商丹带黑山变质沉积岩系的沉积构造环境

陕西商丹黑山的沉积岩系是一套浅变质沉积岩系，其原岩沉积建造可以分为三个不同的沉积环境的岩石组合，包括Ⅰ岩组的泥岩及碳酸盐岩、Ⅱ岩组的杂砂岩和火山碎屑岩和Ⅲ岩组的石英质砾岩、砂岩及粉砂岩。由下向上，其沉积相从深海相经浊积岩盆地相变化到斜坡滨岸相。特征碎屑矿物组成从火山碎屑经燧石岩屑变化到变质岩岩屑，地球化学特征表现为ＳｉＯ２、Ｅｕ／Ｅｕ＊和（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ依次增加，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３＋ＭｇＯ和ΣＲＥＥ依次减小．以上特征表明黑山沉积岩系并非单一的沉积组合，而是与秦岭区域造山作用过程的俯冲－初始接触碰撞阶段协调一致的同造山沉积。     

肥—潢川盆地南缘中生代冲积沉积及其构造意义

合肥—潢川盆地南缘中生代地层被划分为4个年代体(Chronsome)。年代体包括早侏罗世防虎山组和中晚侏罗世圆筒山组下部,由辫状河、曲流河以及滨-浅湖沉积体系组成,局限于盆地东端;年代体包括中—晚侏罗世三尖铺组、朱集组和圆筒山组上部,下部为冲积扇沉积,中、上部为辫状河沉积,早期属于横向水流系统(南北方向),晚期是纵向水流系统(东西方向),近EW向的信阳—金寨—舒城断裂是其南部边界;年代体包括早白垩世早期凤凰台组、段集组、周公山组,前两组为冲积扇沉积,后者为辫状河和越岸沉积,粗碎屑明显向盆进积达数公里,南部边缘发育横向水流,而往盆地方向发育纵向水流。年代体为早白垩世晚期黑石渡组和陈棚组,南部边界是磨子潭—晓天断裂和桐柏—商城断裂,断裂以伸展—走滑为主,东段早期为冲积扇—扇三角洲沉积,晚期为深湖浊积岩沉积。晚白垩世沉积仅发育在西段局部地区,其余处于隆升状态。平行于大别山造山带的近EW向纵向断裂控制着年代体的南部边界,NE向郯城—庐江断裂和商城—麻城断裂控制着年代体侧向相的变化。合肥—潢川盆地南缘沉积从东往西逐渐超覆,揭示大别造山带折返具有自东而西的递进特征。郯城—庐江断裂和商城—麻城断裂对年代体的发育有明显影响,郯城—庐江断裂控制着早侏罗世沉积,表明构造活动至少始于早侏罗世。     

Craton destruction and related resources

International Journal of Earth Sciences - Craton destruction is a dynamic event that plays an important role in Earth’s evolution. Based on comprehensive observations of many studies on the...