鄱阳湖生态经济区气候变化事实与预估

利用1961--2010年江西省26个气象站逐日气温和降水资料,研究分析鄱阳湖生态经济区历史气候变化事实;基于“中国地区气候变化预估数据集”（Version3．0）2014--2100年数据,预估未来不同RCP情景下区域气温和降水变化。结果表明,鄱阳湖生态经济区气温呈现显著上升趋势,升温趋势高于江西全省;降水强度呈增强趋势。未来气温依然呈现为上升趋势,如果从现在开始及时有效地采取应对措施,气温的上升趋势将在2040年后得到缓解。如果长时间存在高能源需求及高温室气体排放,则未来降水年际变化更大,极端降水事件发生将更为频繁。     

基于IMS的气象信息传输智能语音通知系统设计与实现

目前气象信息传输监视工作主要依靠人工拨号辅助发送短信的方式将异常信息通知到台站,该方式的特点是对多个台站串行通知,及时性不足。介绍一种基于IMS的智能语音通知系统的设计与实现过程,包括系统硬件架构、软件系统设计。与基于语音板卡的方案相比,硬件架构以多媒体交换机为核心,以移动IMS为支撑,实现了TTS 4路并行转换、30路语音通道并发外呼;软件系统采用B/S和C/S相结合的方式来设计：C/S负责气象通信业务中异常信息的采集和语音通知的发送,B/S负责语音信息的显示、统计和分析。应用结果表明,该系统运行稳定可靠,体现了智能语音告警通知的优势。     

Altitude pattern of carbon stocks in desert grasslands of an arid land region

For estimating the altitude-distribution pattern of carbon stocks in desert grasslands and analyzing the possible mechanism for this distribution, a detailed study was performed through a series of field vegetation surveys and soil samplings from 90 vegetation plots and 45 soil profiles at 9 sites of the Hexi Corridor region, Northwestern China. Aboveground, belowground, and litter-fall biomass-carbon stocks ranged from 43 to 109, 23 to 64, and 5 to 20 g/m2, with mean values of 80.82,44.91, and 12.15 g/m2, respectively. Soil-carbon stocks varied between 2.88 and 3.98 kg/m2, with a mean value of 3.43 kg/m2 in the 0–100-cm soil layer. Both biomass-and soil-carbon stocks had an increasing tendency corresponding to the altitudinal gradient. A significantly negative correlation was found between soil-carbon stock and mean annual temperature, with further better correlations between soil-and biomass-carbon stocks, and mean annual precipitation. Furthermore, soil carbon was found to be positively correlated with soil-silt and-clay content, and negatively correlated with soil bulk density and the volume percent of gravel. It can be concluded that variations in soil texture and climate condition were the key factors influencing the altitudinal pattern of carbon stocks in this desert-grassland ecosystem. Thus, by using the linear-regression functions between altitude and carbon stocks, approximately 4.18 Tg carbon were predicted from the 1,260 km2 of desert grasslands in the study area.     

Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in soils of Dashiwei Karst Tiankeng (giant doline) area in South China

Surface soil samples were collected in two karst Tiankengs, Dashiwei and Datuo, situated within the Dashiwei Tiankeng group, located in Leye County of Guangxi province, South China. The soil samples were analyzed for 23 kinds of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) using a gas chromatography electron capture detector device. The results showed that the concentrations of OCPs in soils of Dashiwei Tiankeng ranged from 0.03 to 5.13 ng/g for total OCPs, not detectable (ND) to 0.22 ng/g for Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs), and 0.01 to 3.61 ng/g for Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and metabolites (DDTs). Concentration of the total OCPs in soils of Datuo Tiankeng ranged from 0.13 to 14.36 ng/g, ND to 0.39 ng/g for HCHs, and 0.01 to 3.28 ng/g for DDTs. These concentrations indicated that there could be new inputs of HCHs and DDTs from recent application of lindane and dicofol in this area. Further analysis also revealed that the concentration of OCPs at the bottom of both Tiankengs was higher than the top. The variability in concentrations between the top and the bottom was attributed to the “cold trapping effect” for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in karst Tiankeng topography. The difference in temperature between the top and bottom of Tiankeng is a predominating factor which can cause a POPs “cold trapping effect.” Other environmental factors are proposed to explain the difference in concentration such as humidity, topography (or slope), wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, vegetation cover, and soil organic matter. The environmental condition of Dashiwei Tiankeng appears to favor the accumulation of OCPs than that of Datuo Tiankeng because Dashiwei Tiankeng is a matured Tiankeng but Datuo Tiankeng is a degraded one. Thus, there is the need for further studies on the environmental factors influencing distribution of OCPs in karst Tiankeng.     

河套灌区食用向日葵空壳率高的原因及对策

食用向日葵生产已经成为河套灌区农民经济收入的支柱产业,但是在生产中,普遍存在着空壳率高的问题,这是生产中急待解决的问题。本文就影响食用向日葵空壳率高的主要原因进行了分析,并针对此问题提出了应对的对策。     

Two-dimensional properties of nearby galaxies

Research on two-dimensional (2-D) properties of galaxies is a significant component of the study of galaxy formation and evolution. Through the spatial distribution of physical properties (derived from integrated luminosity and spectroscopy) of galaxies, we are allowed to realize the inner environment and evolution history of each individual galaxy and finally answer how galaxies were assembled. In this paper, with reviewing previous work, we present a proposal for study on 2-D properties of nearby galaxies. In our prospective work, we will make use of multi-wavelength data covering a range from ultraviolet to far-infrared to determine the distributions of properties such as age, metallicity and dust-reddening in nearby galaxies, and try to remove the degeneracy among them. Combining with surface photometry and spectroscopy, we will also analyze the distribution of HII regions and star formation properties in galaxies. In our future plan, the World Space Observatory for Ultraviolet (WSO/UV) will be applied to our research and allow detail diagnosis of nearby galaxies at ultraviolet band.     

On the transition from the laminar to disordered flow in a precessing spherical-like cylinder

We investigate, through both asymptotic analysis and direct numerical simulation, precessionally driven flow of a homogeneous fluid confined in a fluid-filled circular cylinder that rotates rapidly about its symmetry axis and precesses about a different axis that is fixed in space. A particular emphasis is placed on a spherical-like cylinder whose diameter is nearly the same as its length. At this special aspect ratio, the strongest direct resonance occurs between the spatially simplest inertial mode and the precessional Poincaré forcing. An asymptotic analytical solution in closed form describing weakly precessing flow is derived in the mantle frame of reference for asymptotically small Ekman numbers. We also construct a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element model – which is validated against both the asymptotic solution and a constructed exact solution – for elucidating the nonlinear transition leading to disordered flow in the precessing spherical-like cylinder. Properties of both weakly and strongly precessing flows are investigated with the aid of a complete inertial-mode decomposition of the fully nonlinear solution. Despite a large effort being made, the well-known triadic resonance is not found in the precessing spherical-like cylinder. The energy contained in the precessionally forced inertial mode is primarily transferred, through nonlinear effects in the viscous boundary layers, to the geostrophic flow that becomes predominant when the precessional Poincaré force is sufficiently large. It is found that the nonlinear flow evolutes gradually and progressively from the laminar to disordered as the precessional force increases.     

TJ-Ⅱ型钻孔体应变仪数字化观测资料分析

对位于山东省不同地理、构造条件的4个TJ－Ⅱ型钻孔体应变仪数字化观测资料进行了分析，结果表明：4个台的体应变资料不同程度地受降雨、地下水位、气压、温度的影响，其完整性、稳定性和可靠性不同，记录地震波的能力也存在差异。     

A very bright (i=16.44) quasar in the ‘redshift desert' discovered by the Guoshoujing Telescope (LAMOST)

The redshift range from 2.2 to 3 is known as the ‘redshift desert' of quasars because quasars with redshifts in this range have similar optical colors as normal stars and are thus difficult to find in optical sky surveys.A quasar candidate, SDSS J085543.40001517.7, which was selected by a recently proposed criterion involving near-IR Y-K and optical g-z colors, was identified spectroscopically as a new quasar with a redshift of 2.427 by the Guoshoujing Telescope (LAMOST) commissioning observation in 2009 De...     

A sophisticated simulation for the fracture behavior of concrete material using XFEM

The development of a powerful numerical model to simulate the fracture behavior of concrete material has long been one of the dominant research areas in earthquake engineering.A reliable model should be able to adequately represent the discontinuous characteristics of cracks and simulate various failure behaviors under complicated loading conditions.In this paper,a numerical formulation,which incorporates a sophisticated rigid-plastic interface constitutive model coupling cohesion softening,contact,friction and shear dilatation into the XFEM,is proposed to describe various crack behaviors of concrete material.An effective numerical integration scheme for accurately assembling the contribution to the weak form on both sides of the discontinuity is introduced.The effectiveness of the proposed method has been assessed by simulating several well-known experimental tests.It is concluded that the numerical method can successfully capture the crack paths and accurately predict the fracture behavior of concrete structures.The influence of mode-Ⅱ parameters on the mixed-mode fracture behavior is further investigated to better determine these parameters.