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珠江在广州城区河段的演变及其对 城市生态环境的影响

珠江河道广州城区段的演变在广州城市生态环境演变,特别是在城市防洪减灾中起着至关重要的作用。本文融合珠江在广州城区河段(珠江隧道-海印桥）古代、近代、现代的地图资料、遥感资料和文献资料,选取典型断面数据,建立了各断面不同时段的岸线图谱,定量反映珠江该段河道的时空演变特征,根据近年来人类工程活动等相关研究成果,推演珠江河道的演变趋势,分析河道演变对于城市生态环境和城市防洪减灾产生的影响。结果显示：20世纪50年代以前,珠江河道以0.6~0.8m/a的速度逐步缩窄;50年代以后,随着珠江堤围系统的完善,河道平面形态总体趋于稳定,局部断面仍在缩窄,最后讨论珠江河道缩窄对城市洪涝灾害、水环境污染、生物多样性等几个方面的影响。研究成果可为城市发展及水环境保护决策提供理论和现实依据。     

Patterns of asynchrony for phytoplankton fluctuations from reservoir mainstream to a tributary bay in a giant dendritic reservoir (Three Gorges Reservoir, China)

Seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton have often been regarded as one of the important cyclic events in aquatic ecosystems, and have even been emphasized as an important sign of regional climatic variability in limnology. However, few attempts have been made to examine synchrony for phytoplankton fluctuations among different habitats in a single reservoir system. The present study employed Spearman rank correlation analysis and the Mantel test to assess levels of synchrony for phytoplankton abundance and taxonomic composition from reservoir mainstream to a tributary bay (Xiangxi Bay) in a giant dendritic reservoir, China (Three Gorges Reservoir, TGR). At the selected scale, asynchronous patterns of phytoplankton were found when looking at total abundance and taxonomic composition, suggesting that regional drivers were not strong enough to synchronize phytoplankton fluctuations, and local regulators were predominant. As a riverine system, the mainstream of TGR had high levels of algal synchrony, while asynchronous patterns of phytoplankton were detected within Xiangxi Bay, which is characterized as a lacustrine system. The present study further confirmed that external hydrological disturbances strongly homogenize habitat conditions and synchronize phytoplankton fluctuations within the mainstream, while spatial divergence of phytoplankton succession depend on local habitat conditions within Xiangxi Bay. Moreover, low synchrony of phytoplankton between the mainstream and Xiangxi Bay is probably caused by spatial divergence of phytoplankton succession within Xiangxi Bay and the lack of succession in the rapidly flushed mainstream. Independently of these mechanisms possibly explaining phytoplankton fluctuations, the present study has also an applied perspective to the improvement of a long-term observation program in which phytoplankton trends at the mainstream scale could be compiled from the data set in a single site, while a set of sampling sites should be required at the Xiangxi Bay scale.     

南海北部古韩江物源的演化特征

珠江和韩江是南海北部陆源物质的两个重要供给来源,南海北部陆丰-韩江地区自古近纪以来即接受两者的沉积。通过稀土元素配分特征及判别分析发现,在始新世,研究区沉积物稀土元素配分形式多样,不同地区差异明显,显示出在始新世沉积时,研究区尚不具备大的物源供给,基本以近源为主。在渐新世,韩江源区和珠江源区基本形成,但是古韩江对陆丰-韩江地区相对影响较大,主要影响研究区东部及中部的广大地区,而珠江则主要影响研究区西北及西部地区。到早中新世,韩江物源影响范围进一步扩大,一直影响到研究区西南部地区,并有部分物质到达研究区西部。但是,从中中新世开始,韩江物源逐步退缩,使西南地区受珠江和韩江来源沉积物的共同影响,而探井Lf14则主要受珠江的影响。到晚中新世,韩江和珠江来源沉积物均发生减弱,本地区主要接受浅海泥灰质沉积。研究区除了接受韩江和珠江带来的陆源碎屑沉积外,从渐新世开始,一直持续到早中新世均受到东沙隆起区的基性火山活动的影响,对研究区南部Lf7和Lf14探井影响较大。由于受火山活动的影响,使该地区沉积物的稀土元素Eu出现较多的正异常。     

海南省龙门市幅1:50 000环境地质调查数据集

本数据集为2017年在海南省龙门市幅开展的1：50 000环境地质调查的调查信息、水文地质钻孔、地下水采样及化学成分测试结果,包含机民井点221个,泉点21个,地表水点7个,水文地质钻孔10个,进尺808.77 m,地下水全分析采样点56个。调查点符合规范要求,钻探施工质量可靠,采样过程规范,测试均由符合资质要求的实验室完成,数据质量可靠。数据集可以真实反映该时段龙门市幅水文地质环境地质条件,并依托调查成果,为地方圈定1处地下水后备水源地,可有效缓解季节性缺水问题,为科学合理利用地下水资源提供依据。     

湘西峒河流域水化学特征及无机碳通量计算

为了掌握亚热带季风气候岩溶地区流域水化学变化特征及量化流域内岩石化学风化过程对吸收大气CO2的贡献,文章选取湘西峒河流域作为研究对象,于2016年7—8月对研究区干流和7个子流域进行了水样采集与分析。结果表明:河水pH平均值为8.31,总体呈偏碱性。EC与TDS的变化范围较大,这主要与流域内岩性的分布有关。水中离子以Ca2+、HCO-3为主,水化学类型为HCO3—Ca型,岩性控制水化学的组成。HCO-3、Ca2+和Mg2+主要来源于碳酸盐岩的风化,其余离子来源多受人为活动影响。峒河流域干流的主要离子中,HCO-3、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度从上游至下游总体下降,反映了河流从碳酸盐岩区流向碎屑岩为主地层的过程。NO-3、K+、Na+、F-、Cl-和SO2-4呈增长趋势,说明峒河受人为污染影响较大,反映出人为活动的密集程度。通过子流域的划分可知流域上游主要受灰岩以及白云岩控制,中游以灰岩控制为主,下游受砂岩、泥岩及碎屑岩控制为主。收集流域最终出口吉首观测站一个水文年的数据并运用水化学—径流法估算出峒河流域无机碳通量为60 477.33 tCO2/a,碳汇强度为71.15 tCO2/（km2·a）。     

青海哈秀地区混杂岩主要特征及成因研究

目前有关蛇绿岩的定义、分类和成因等问题仍存在很大的争议,西金乌兰-金沙江缝合带作为青藏高原北部羌塘地区一条重要的板块碰撞带,在此缝合带西段已发现多处蛇绿混杂岩分布,哈秀地区亦位于缝合带的西段,但在哈秀地区是否存在蛇绿混杂岩,研究者存在不同认识。在前人研究成果和野外调查的基础上,对哈秀地区的混杂岩从岩石学、古生物学、地球化学特征及同位素年代学等方面进行了总结,分析认为哈秀地区无明显蛇绿混杂岩的特征,而是具有岛弧型火山岩的特征,其形成于晚二叠世大陆边缘裂谷环境中板块俯冲的产物,野外调查也未发现连续的成生地层剖面,因此哈秀地区应为构造混杂岩带。     

A new numerical technique for simulating the coupled seismic and electromagnetic waves in layered porous media

Chen's technique of computing synthetic seismograms,which decomposes every vector with a set of basis of orthogonality and completeness before applying the Luco-Apsel-Chen(LAC)generalized reflection and transmission coefficients method,is confirmed to be efficient in dealing with elastic waves in multi-layered media and accurate in any frequency range.In this article,we extend Chen's technique to the computation of coupled seismic and electromagnetic(EM)waves in layered porous media.Expanding the involved mechanical and electromagnetic fields by a set of scalar and vector wave-function basis,we obtain the fundamental equations which are subsequently solved by using a recently developed version of the LAC generalized reflection and transmission coefficients method.Our approach and corresponding program is validated by reciprocity tests.We also show a numerical example of a two-layer model with an explosion source.The P-to-EM conversion waves radiated from the interface may have potential application.     

金融危机影响下上海开发区的困境与出路

在金融危机的影响下,以出口导向型经济为主的开发区首当其冲受到冲击。上海开发区的吸引国内外投资、进出口贸易、固定资产投资、工业生产总值及工业利润等经济指标都不同程度地下滑,抽逃外资现象显现,未来发展陷入困境。究其原因,既有上海开发区受土地资源制约、发展进入新阶段的自身特点,也存在受金融危机影响、国外订单下降、国内外资本市场紧缩等原因,以及宏观政策不配套、管理体制缺陷等制度因素。应对金融危机,促进开发区稳步发展应采取实施品牌输出战略、优化外资利用结构、实行园区合理分工、进行管理模式创新等措施。