基于ArcEngine的三维小区信息系统的开发与实现

以三维建模方法和COM组件开发思想为基础理论,基于VB和ArcEngine,探讨三维小区信息可视化系统的应用开发。     

中国古今地图时空融合与运营平台建设

古旧地图作为重要的历史地理信息来源,需求日益扩大。本文针对国内缺乏系统全面的古旧地图展示平台的情况,在配准4000幅中国古旧地图的基础上,使用地理信息系统、数据库、SOA、Web Service、ArcGIS API for JavaScript等技术,建设中国古今地图时空融合与运营平台,通过古今地图的套叠对比,在PC端和移动端直观展现地理和人文环境变迁。平台提供对古旧地图影像数据的快速查询检索、展示、输入输出、管理等功能,可为城市规划建设、历史地理研究提供支持。     

改进CIR算法在BDS长基线模糊度解算中的应用

长基线条件下,测站间空间相关性弱,电离层、对流层延迟经过双差并不能很好地消除,致使CIR方法在长基线条件下解算模糊度成功率较低。本文通过BDS三频组合选择长波长、弱电离层组合改进宽巷组合系数,选取（-1,-5,6）代替传统的宽巷组合（0,-1,1）,选择弱电离层几何相位组合（4,-5,2）代替传统的窄巷组合（0,0,1）,并通过将多频点的伪距观测值和确定了模糊度的宽巷相位观测值线性组合消除电离层延迟一阶项。通过实测数据分析,本文提出的算法能够有效解算超宽巷、宽巷模糊度,提高模糊度解算成功率。     

海洋中尺度过程与区域海洋环境和气候安全

海洋中尺度过程是海洋系统状态维持和变异的关键过程。作为系统的衔接尺度,中尺度过程对海洋能量信息的传递和转换具有重要作用,在一定层次上决定区域海洋致灾风险以及环境和气候安全。文章基于海洋的分异与连通性,阐述海洋中尺度过程及其影响,并提出地球系统科学全息观。研究结果表明:海洋中尺度过程制约和调控海洋热量、碳吸收、初级生产和营养盐等能量和物质的再分配;对于海洋中尺度过程尚待系统和深入认识,建议从全息科学的角度构建观测体系,发展诊断区划、过程构造学分析和全息仿生仿真技术方法体系,逐步建立和发展海洋动力过程多层次尺度演绎规律和全息分析方法研究体系,从而为海洋环境和气候安全保障以及自然资源管理、生态文明建设和国家海洋治理提供科学参考和科技支撑。     

Assessment of arsenic and heavy metal pollution and ecological risk in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary,China

In order to investigate the pollution levels, sources and ecological risks of arsenic (As) and heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary, the surface sediment in areas of inshore coastal waters were sampled in October 2014 as the flow-sediment regulation project (FSRP) was implemented for 13 years. Results showed that the concentrations of As and heavy metals in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary were in the order of Zn?>?Cr?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?Pb?>?As?>?Cd. Higher levels of As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb generally occurred in fine-grained sediments of the Yellow River estuary and the southeast region, which was consistent with the spatial distribution of clay. In contrast, higher concentrations of Cd were generally observed in northwest area of the Yellow River estuary and near the Qingshuigou estuary, which showed similarly spatial distribution with that of sand. The sediment quality guidelines (SQG_S) and geoaccumulation indices (I_geo) indicated that the inshore sediments were polluted by Cu, Cd, As, Pb and Zn, and, among them, Cd pollution was more serious. Ecological risk indices (E _r ⁱ ) demonstrated low risks for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and As, and high potential toxicity by Cd. The integrated ecological risk index implied that 6.8% of stations presented moderate risk, 4.5% of stations exhibited disastrous risk, and 88.7% of stations demonstrated considerable risk. Principal component analysis indicated that Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and As might originate from common pollution sources, while Cr and Cd might share another similar sources. With the continuous implementation of FSRP, As and heavy metal levels in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary could be classified as stage I (2002–2010) and stage II (2010–2014). In the stage I, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb levels fluctuated but decreased significantly, whereas Cd concentrations showed little variation. In the stage II, As and heavy metal levels significantly increased although some little fluctuations occurred. The continuous accumulation of As and heavy metals (especially for Cd) in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary would occur again as the FSRP was implemented for 9 years (since 2010). The ecotoxicological risk of Cd, As, Ni and Cu in inshore sediments might be more serious since the accumulation of the four elements would be continuously occurred in future years. Next step, there will be long-term potential consequences for marine organism if effective measures are not taken to control the loadings of metal pollutants into estuary.     

大尺度无管流数据城区SWMM构建及模拟——Ⅱ.模型参数校验及暴雨径流模拟分析

目前,中国城区大多缺乏实测管道流量数据,给城市水文模型构建及精细化模拟带来了挑战。在北京亦庄经济开发核心区下垫面精细数字化的基础上,以典型点的最大径流深为验证要素,以实地踏勘为主、经验率定为辅,分别选取2012年"7·21"和2011年"6·23"两场典型大暴雨径流过程,完成了区域SWMM(Storm Water Management Model)模型的参数率定和验证;并就不同重现期设计暴雨下,不同典型用地子汇水区的产汇流响应特征及内涝交通拥堵风险进行了分析及评估。结果表明:随着重现期的增加,道路与交通设施用地对暴雨增幅的响应速率远高于公园绿地的响应速率,前者的内涝交通拥堵风险亦远高于后者;间接反映了不同下垫面条件造成产汇流响应的差异程度。相关成果可为区域城市洪涝管理与预警提供决策参考。     

山东省博兴县浅层咸水入侵研究

地下水资源是人类重要的自然资源,地下水资源的多少严重影响着当地居民的生活、生产和工农业发展。随着经济的发展,地下淡水资源逐渐减少,而咸水入侵的发生使得本来就稀缺的地下淡水变得更加紧张,严重影响了当地生态环境的良性循环和持续发展。该文以20世纪80年代咸淡水分界线为背景,通过取样分析获得博兴县浅层地下水现状年的咸水入侵锋面在利王—辛张—寨高—鲁崔一线;截至2017年的入侵面积为18.45km~2;最大入侵距离为2.15km;最大入侵速率为0.06m/a。经过资料分析,目前博兴县浅层咸水入侵处于稳定状态。该研究对博兴县南部咸水入侵的现状和发展趋势更加深入,为当地的浅层地下水资源的开采和管理提供了科学依据。     

Comparison of Soil Moisture in Different Soil Layers between Three Typical Forests in the Upper Reaches of Lijiang River Basin,Southern China

Throughfall, stemflow, evapotranspiration and infiltration are likely to vary with forest types, and consequently affect soil moisture regimes in different soil layers. In this study, the spatial and temporal characteristics of soil moisture were investigated to understand variations in soil moisture in three typical forests, including Phyllostachys pubescens forest (abbreviated as PPF), Schima superba forest (abbreviated as SSF) and Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (abbreviated as CLF) in the upper reaches of Lijiang River basin in southern China. The results showed that, (1) Litterfall and soil physical properties differed significantly in the three typical forests. Infiltration capacity in SSF was more favorable to soil moisture than in PPF and CLF. (2) Large variations were found in soil moisture at different forest stands and depths. Due to complicated vertical structures, there were obvious differences in soil moisture from the 0-20 cm soil layer to the 50-80 cm soil layer. (3) Average soil moisture in each layer was higher in SSF than in PPF and CLF. (4) Soil moisture in different layers correlated closely with precipitation (P<0.01) and the three typical forests had the same change trends with rainfall during the studying period. (5) In topsoil, soil moisture was influenced by soil properties which were mostly determined by litterfall, while in deep soil, soil moisture was affected by variations of soil characteristics, which were mostly determined by root distribution. This study provides a scientific basis for better understanding the relationships between forest vegetation and its hydrological effects, helping to facilitate water resources conservation and achieving wise forest management in the upper reaches of Lijiang River basin.     

白鲫与鲫鱼的形态鉴别函数

作为传统分类学方法的补充,本文以白鲫和鲫鱼的四个外形指标（全长、体长、体高和体重）进行Fisher多元线性判别分析,建立鉴别此二亚种的形态判别函数,以便对活体进行直接鉴定。检验表明,所得结果显著性极高,鉴别符合率达100%,且在渔业应用上简便易行。此外,本文还就在生物学中应用多元判别分析的一般方法作了简明扼要的阐述。     

一种地电阻率场地干扰的快速检测方法

对2018年洛阳地震台地电阻率观测区域出现的1次典型漏电干扰进行分析。经初步分析、干扰源模拟定位、干扰源现场调查等,确定干扰源的位置。通过对此次干扰的分析与排查,归纳总结出一种便利、快速的干扰检测定位方法。