Geomechanics and its application in petroleum geology

This paper is a brief account of the essential points of geomechanics initited in China by Prof. J. S. Lee in the 1920's and some important results achieved by some Chinese petroleum geologists in recent years by applying geomechanics to the exploration and prospecting of oil and gas in eastern China.     

抚州市传统村落的时空演变及其影响因素

为助推抚州市传统村落集中连片保护利用示范工作的开展,该文运用ArcGIS空间分析工具和统计分析方法,研究了抚州市96个中国传统村落的空间分布格局及历史演变过程,探讨了影响抚州市传统村落时空分布的影响因素.研究结果表明:抚州市传统村落呈凝聚型分布,主要集中在金溪县,空间分布极不均衡,总体呈现"小范围聚集""大范围散乱"的空间分布格局;抚州市传统村落主要形成于宋代,随着朝代更替,传统村落数量不断增加并以金溪县为中心聚集,总体表现为"西南-东北"聚集的空间分布方向特征.自然因素和社会经济因素共同影响着抚州市传统村落的时空分布,自然因素影响着传统村落建村的选址,社会经济因素影响着传统村落的保护和开发.     

实时交通数据支持下的医疗服务时空可达性分析

针对现有城市医疗服务可达性分析方法未考虑就医偏好,导致测算结果与居民实际感受相差较大的问题,本文提出了一种顾及时间和距离成本偏好的医疗服务时空可达性分析方法,并以武汉市中心城区为例进行了分析。试验结果表明,研究方法充分利用交通路况,兼顾了交通距离和通行时间对就医选择的影响,距离偏好在新方法中作用显著。该方法一方面可以体现不同时刻可达性差异,另一方面又强调了居民就医的时间和距离成本偏好,相比单一的时间或距离成本更具优势,分析结果更符合现实。     

Evaluation of suitability area by ground source heat pump system in Baotou plain

According to the elements of hydrogeological conditions,lithology,stratigraphic thermal physical parameters,construction technology and economic rational elements,the evaluation system of ground source heat pump( GSHP) were established in Baotou plain. The factor weights were determined by using analytic hierarchy process,and the comprehensive element method was selected to evaluate the region suitability of GSHP system. The results show that the suitable area is 559. 63 km2 for utilizing GSHP in the studied area,accounting for 62. 58% of the total area; while the unsuitable area is 334. 60 km2,accounting for37.42%. The evaluating results can provide not only a scientific basis for development and utilization rationally of shallow geothermal heat in Baotou,but also offer an important reference to the other areas.     

矿井瞬变电磁采煤工作面低阻异常交集法

基于瞬变电磁法探测理论,结合井下瞬变电磁探测试验,研究井下瞬变电磁探测采煤工作面巷道的影响以及探测方法,提出矿井瞬变电磁探测采煤工作面"交集法",即在井下实际探测方面,需要在采煤工作面的两条巷道内做工作。在山西吕梁某矿对该方法进行了试验验证,结果表明,采用"交集法"探测结果比较准确,可提高探测精度,减少钻探工作量,是目前矿井瞬变电磁法探测采煤工作面较为可靠的方法,建议在煤矿中推广使用。     

全球海底光缆传输网络的节点职能与鲁棒性评价

海底光缆传输网络是全球信息传递和要素流动的重要基础设施支撑,国家或地区在全球海底光缆网络中的节点职能和对网络鲁棒性的影响事关国家信息通信安全。在此背景下,研究基于全球网络基础设施Infrapedia数据库,提取了1991—2017年近30年全球光缆分布数据,运用复杂网络分析方法,研究了不同国家或地区在全球光缆网络中承担“传输职能”和“枢纽职能”的特征及其演变,并探究了全球海底光缆网络的鲁棒性。研究发现：①国家或地区的信息传输职能和枢纽职能具有不同的模式;其中信息传输职能较为扁平化,且呈明显廊道格局,咽喉海峡沿线的国家或地区占据重要位置;信息枢纽职能具有明显的等级结构。②毗邻海峡的地缘战略位置、背靠强劲的国家实力、增长迅速的市场需求等共同塑造了全球海底光缆网络中的重要节点。③部分节点（尤其是高中间中心性的节点）发生故障会导致整个网络功能的大幅下降。研究从避免海底光缆链接的单一性、提升全球枢纽职能等方面提出了维护我国海底信息传输安全的启示。     

梧州市巨厚层花岗岩风化壳垂直分带标准及工程地质特征研究

本文选择华南地区巨厚层花岗岩风化壳分布区的梧州市为研究区,旨在建立系统的、科学的、可操作性强的花岗岩风化壳垂直分带划分标准。在野外区域调查、钻探、原位试验、室内试验、综合研究的基础之上,建立了定性与定量复合判定的指标体系,对梧州市花岗岩风化壳进行了垂直分带以及工程地质特征研究。研究结果表明:(1)粒度分析法可以作为花岗岩风化壳垂直分带划分的方法之一,划分结果与原位试验划分结果具有很好的一致性;(2)残积土带、全风化带、强风化带中含量占比最大的土体分别是黏粒土、粉粒土、砂粒土。随着钻孔深度的增加,粒径相对较大的砾粒和砂粒含量占比逐渐增大,粒径相对较小的粉粒和黏粒含量占比逐渐减小。粒径0.05 mm为残积土带、全风化带、强风化带曲线交叉的分界处,该处土体含量百分比近似相等,揭示粒径0.05 mm值是花岗岩风化壳垂直分带划分的重要指标之一;(3)随着钻进深度的增加,圆锥动力触探试验击数与标准贯入试验击数同时增加,修正后的标准贯入击数N和圆锥动力触探击数N_63.5呈多项式相关性。本文建立了花岗岩风化壳垂直分带划分标准,给出了花岗岩风化壳土体地基承载力建议值,对花岗岩分布区的重大工程建设与工程地质特征参数的选取具有一定的指导与参照意义。     

Specific Relationship between the Surface Air Temperature and the Area of the Terra Nova Bay Polynya,Antarctica

Antarctic polynyas play an important role in regional atmosphere?ice?ocean interactions and are considered to help generate the global deep ocean conveyer belt.Polynyas therefore have a potential impact on the Earth’s climate in terms of the production of sea ice and high-salinity shelf water.In this study,we investigated the relationship between the area of the Terra Nova Bay polynya and the air temperature as well as the eastward and northward wind based on the ERA5 and ERAInterim reanalysis datasets and observations from automatic weather stations during the polar night.We examined the correlation between each factor and the polynya area under different temperature conditions.Previous studies have focused more on the effect of winds on the polynya,but the relationship between air temperature and the polynya area has not been fully investigated.Our study shows,eliminating the influence of winds,lower air temperature has a stronger positive correlation with the polynya area.The results show that the relationship between the polynya area and air temperature is more likely to be interactively influenced.As temperature drops,the relationship of the polynya area with air temperature becomes closer with increasing correlation coefficients.In the low temperature conditions,the correlation coefficients of the polynya area with air temperature are above 0.5,larger than that with the wind speed.     

地球运动对海平面变化的控制——从地质系统论的观点分析海平面变化之主因

从地球运动的客观规律来看,地球气候发展的趋向是向冷的方向发展,这与大气由于CO_2的增加而引起的增温相矛盾。两者如起同等作用,则意味着海平面不会发生太大的变化。但是由于活动构造影响,使海岸带上升或下降,可使局部地方海平面有较大幅度的变化。因此,研究“地动”比研究“水动”似有更重要的意义。     

GPS-derived horizontal ice flow velocities along the traverse route from Zhongshan Station to Dome-A, East Antarctica

1　IntroductionFromitsoriginalformulationin 1 990 ,theInternationalTrans AntarcticScientificExpedition (ITASE)hashadasitsprimaryaimthecollectionandinterpretationofacon tinental widearrayofenvironmentalparametersassembledthroughthecoordinatedeffortsofscientistsfromseveralnations(Mayewskietal.1 996) .AsaconsequenceITASEhasbeenfocusedtoaddresstwokeyscientificobjectives:1 )Todeterminethespatialvariabil ityofAntarcticclimate (eg.accumulation,airtemperature,atmosphericcirculation)overthelast2…