根据冲积物孢粉恢复冀北山地古植被的意义

冲积物是第四纪孢粉分析经常遇到的研究对象。冲积物孢粉研究表明,晚全新世以来,人类活动是影响冀北山地植被演变的主要因素。人类活动对白河流域森林植被的破坏可能较早;对潮河流域森林植被的破坏较晚。     

对东昆仑金水口地区高级变质岩的新认识

详细的构造岩石单位填图研究表明,东昆仑山金水口高级变质岩分布区,并非仅由早元古代金水口岩群白沙河岩组变质地层组成。由花岗闪长质—英云闪长质—奥长花岗质构成的灰色片麻岩,组成了高级变质岩分布区的主体。在灰色片麻岩中进一步还可解体出更古老的以包体形式产出的表壳岩组合系列。因此,以金水口地区为窗口,加深对东昆仑山高级变质岩的研究,有助于澄清变质杂岩的属性,正确认识造山带的形成与演化和提高1:5万地质填图质量。     

喜鹊岭砂质高岭土矿床地质特征及其利用方向

青海大通煤矿区侏罗纪地层中赋存的砂质高岭土矿床,其矿石的化学成份、物理及工艺技术性均能达到工业指标要求。本文对其地质特征和矿石的开发利用方向进行了探讨。     

东昆仑地质特征及晚古生代——中生代构造演化

东昆仑造山带是一个经历多期构造活动的复杂造山带,大致划分为昆北花岗岩浆弧带、昆中双型俯冲带、昆南混杂岩带。其地质特征反映了昆中断裂带在历次构造演化中的主导性。。晚元古代华北、华南两大古板块沿昆中断裂一线俯冲碰撞,为后期构造演化奠定了基础。晚古生代—中生代构造演化别具一格。经整体分析、现位恢复,具有泥盆—早二叠伸展滑覆、早二叠纪末—中三叠纪B型俯冲、中三叠纪末—早侏罗纪A型斜向俯冲三个演化阶段。     

柴达木盆地茫崖坳陷古近系—新近系R_o分布特征及地质意义

柴达木盆地西部的茫崖坳陷是青海油田的主力油气产区 ,对该区古近系—新近系镜质组反射率(Ro)进行了系统研究 ,发现其垂向分布有两种规律 :一是 Ro 与垂深有良好的线性关系 ,多分布在坳陷中央 ,反映了沉积环境、物源和构造的稳定性较好 ;二是 Ro 与垂深呈右阶状 ,反映了逆冲叠覆。此外 ,通过 EASY% Ro 方法计算了研究区地层剥蚀厚度 ,认为干柴沟—油泉子为英雄岭隆起的主轴 ,因为剥蚀了 36 0 0～ 375 0 m,所以英雄岭主峰在地形上呈现出隆起主轴的假貌。通过地层剥蚀厚度的研究 ,还发现油气田主要分布在剥蚀梯度带上。这一结论对柴达木盆地油气勘探开发具有重要意义     

柴达木盆地东部表土花粉分析

1 Introduction The modern surface pollen data provide foundation for the reconstruction of paleoenvironment and paleoclimate using pollen data. So the studies of modern pollen have received more attention in China and other countries. The study objects in…     

碱性环境对油松花粉保存影响实验研究

孢粉是恢复古植被、古气候的重要代用指标。然而,即使是同一时代的地层,不同地点、不同岩性提取出的花粉量差异很大,造成这些差异的原因很多,其中花粉在不同沉积环境中的保存差异是重要原因之一。本研究是在实验室内模拟自然条件下碱性环境对油松花粉(Pinus tabulaeform is)的破坏情况:煮水5小时,泡10%NaOH溶液10天,煮10%NaOH溶液5小时对油松花粉破坏都很小;煮20%和30%NaOH溶液1小时对油松花粉影响也不明显;煮40%NaOH溶液1小时,油松花粉壁出现蚀变,加热时间增至5小时,蚀变现象进一步加深。表明油松花粉具有很强的耐碱,耐高温能力。更强碱或更长时间情况下花粉蚀变情况,有待进一步研究。     

Quantitative indicative significance of pollen assemblages on vegetation coverage in deciduous Quercus forest in the central Loess Plateau,China

We compared the pollen assemblages of surface moss samples and corresponding vegetation inventory data from 34 sites in the Huangling region of the central Loess Plateau. Our aims were to determine the characteristics of the pollen assemblages from the deciduous broadleaved forest climax community and its significance in terms of vegetation type and species composition. The pollen assemblages are dominated by woody plants such as Quercus(42% of total terrestrial pollen),Betula(16%) and Pinus(12%), with minor differences between different plant communities. The pollen assemblages of individual sampling sites differed from the vegetation composition within the 0–100 m scope and were more similar to the vegetation coverage within the 0–1000 m scope. This indicates that the surface pollen assemblages mainly reflect the comprehensive information from the vegetation composition of a large area, rather than the vegetation composition close to the sampling site. The contents of Quercus, Betula and Pinus pollen are high, and close to their vegetation coverage; whereas the contents of deciduous broadleaved arbor taxa(such as Malus and Acer) are lower, but their corresponding regional vegetation cover is higher. This suggests that the vegetation information conveyed by poorly-represented pollen taxa should be considered when interpreting stratigraphic pollen assemblages. Using the observed quantitative relationships between pollen and vegetation of the main taxa, we reconstructed the regional vegetation composition in the Gonghai Lake area of the northeastern Loess Plateau during the middle Holocene(7300–5000 yr BP). The results indicated that Quercus-dominated deciduous broadleaved forest climax community developed in the mountains surrounding the lake.     

宁夏固原炭山地区中侏罗统延安组油页岩特征及其沉积环境

宁夏固原炭山地区存在大量与煤伴生的油页岩资源,油页岩主要赋存于中侏罗统延安组中下部各含煤层系中。本文采集钻孔所获延安组油页岩岩心样品,通过低温干馏、主量元素测定以及钻井录井等方法对炭山地区油页岩特征进行了研究,明确了油页岩测井识别依据,恢复了油页岩沉积环境。研究表明：炭山地区油页岩主要以黑色、灰黑色、深灰色为主,质地较轻,密度小,硬度小,断口参差状、贝壳状,具油脂光泽、沥青光泽,块状层理发育;油页岩含油率为3.60%~9.00%,灰分质量分数为42.50%~79.05%,全硫质量分数为0.07%~1.37%,发热量为11.01 kJ/g（平均值）,属中品质、硅质灰分、低硫且与煤伴生的油页岩;油页岩中w（SiO₂）变化较大,为53.89%~65.55%,w（Al₂O₃）为17.45%~23.29%,w（K₂O）明显高于w（Na₂O）,w（Fe₂O₃+MgO）为12.75%~21.98%,表明油页岩中含有较多的含钾矿物和镁铁成分;另外,Al₂O₃/（CaO+Na₂O）值为3.09~21.12,揭示油页岩稳定组分含量较高。炭山地区油页岩测井曲线特征明显区别于煤层和泥岩,油页岩长距伽马、声波时差和密度介于煤层与泥岩之间,而电阻率明显低于煤层和泥岩。炭山地区油页岩化学蚀变指数为74.87~84.35,Sr/Ba值为0.33~0.83,平均为0.61,Th/U值为1.00~3.50,表明本地区油页岩沉积环境为温暖、温润的缺氧、贫氧的陆相淡水湖泊环境和沼泽环境。     

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