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A numerical study of swash flows generated by bores

The dynamic processes of bore propagation over a uniform slope are studied numerically using a 2-D Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver, coupled to a non-linear k − ε turbulence closure and a volume of fluid (VOF) method. The dam-break mechanism is used to generate bores in a constant depth region. Present numerical results for the ensemble-averaged flow field are compared with existing experimental data as well as theoretical and numerical results based on non-linear shallow water (NSW) equations. Reasonable agreement between the present numerical solutions and experimental data is observed. Using the numerical results, small-scale bore behaviors and flow features, such as the bore collapse process near the still-water shoreline, the ‘mini-collapse’ during the runup phase and the ‘back-wash bore’ in the down-rush phase, are described. In the case of a strong bore, the evolution of the averaged turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) over the swash zone consists of two phases: in the region near the still-water shoreline, the production and the dissipation of TKE are roughly in balance; in the region farther landwards of the still-water shoreline, the TKE decay rate is very close to that of homogeneous grid turbulence. On the other hand, in the case of a weak bore, the bore collapse generated turbulence is confined near the bottom boundary layer and the TKE decays at a much slower rate.     

青藏高原古洋壳恢复与重建问题讨论

通过雅鲁藏布江和北祁连山南北两个典型蛇绿岩带的研究实践,作者提出并讨论了构造背景与岩石地层相结合、结构构造特征与矿物岩石分析相结合、物理化学成因与区域地质工作相结合、岩石类型年代学与地层年代学研究相结合的蛇绿岩研究思想,以及综合恢复重建古洋壳的古地磁资料分析、扩张速度分析、俯冲速率分析和古生物地理环境分析4种方法,并提供了青藏高原主要古大洋区的有关特征数据。     

GPS航迹监控方法在区域化探中的应用

通过对GPS定位技术的试验和生产实践,认为采用GPS定位并辅以航迹监控能彻底解决区化采样点位的失真问题。这一问题的解决,能有效提高西部艰险地区化探工作的整体质量,能真实客观地反映工作区的地球化学信息。     

柴达木地区耕地后备资源调查评价初步研究

通过介绍柴达木地区耕地后备资源分布、数量及评价的原则、分类体系,评价标准,总结了该地区耕地后备资源开发存在问题,提出了耕地后备资源开发对策建议。     

Progress of the Seasonal Evolution of East Asian Summer Circulation during July-August and Its Linkages with the Subseasonal Processes over the Western North Pacific

Based on the NCAR/NCEP monthly and pentad reanalysis dataset of 1961-2003, the progress of seasonal evolution of the summer atmospheric circulation in the East Asia in July to August, including the advanced and delayed cases, and their relationships with the subseasonal processes over the western North Pacific are analyzed and compared with that of climatology. The results show that the progress of seasonal cycle is advanced about a month ahead of the climatological time when the convection during 20-29 July is active in the region of the subtropical West Pacific (15°-25°N, 150°-165°E), while it is delayed about one month when weaker convections appear in the same region. Instead, the relative active convection for the latter occurs in Pentad 46 (14-18 August). It is proved that the convective activities in the early July in the equatorial central and east Pacific, and then the convective anomalies in the subtropical western North Pacific can excite the formation of the acceleration and delay of the seasonal circulation evolution in the East Asia in the late summer. The preceding subseasonal processes over the western North Pacific, including the time-lag interactions among the active convection in the late June and early July, the Northwest Pacific anticyclone, the underlying sea surface temperature and low-level winds anomalies, and their relationships with the anomalous seasonal evolution of the summer atmospheric circulation in the East Asia in late July are also investigated. However, further study, especially the numerical experiments, is needed on the mechanism of the anomaly summer seasonal cycle in the East Asia and the Northwest Pacific.     

腾冲热泉中砷的甲基化和巯基化过程

为了研究热泉中砷的形态及其分布、转化规律,针对云南腾冲热泉各种砷形态进行了IC-ICP-MS测试和水文地球化学分析.在91处热泉中检出了11种砷形态,包括(亚)砷酸盐、无机硫代砷和甲基(硫代)砷.其中(亚)砷酸盐含量>无机硫代砷含量>甲基砷含量.热泉中无机硫代砷含量及其巯基化程度与硫/砷比正相关.甲基砷含量低是富硫化物...     

泥河湾盆地籍箕滩剖面记录的6400年以来环境变化与人类活动影响

本文对泥河湾盆地籍箕滩剖面地表下65～ 75cm、140～150cm、190～ 200cm和300～310cm处的4块泥质样品进行了AMS14C测年,校正后的年代分别为2117cal.a B.P.、3081cal.a B.P.、5481cal.aB.P.和6420cal.a B.P.,表明籍箕滩剖面305cm以上地层形成于全新世中晚期.籍箕滩剖面的孢粉、炭屑和磁化率分析,揭示了研究区中全新世以来的植被演替、气候变化和人类活动的影响.6400～ 5800cal.a B.P.,气候总体温暖湿润,籍箕滩南面的浅山地带可能有森林生长,孢粉百分比和炭屑含量的变化表明,该阶段植被对气候变化和人类活动影响非常敏感.6000cal.a B.P.前人类活动使籍箕滩剖面南面浅山地带的森林遭到一定破坏;6000～5800cal.a B.P.,籍箕滩周边的人类活动可能有所减弱或迁移他处,籍箕滩剖面南面浅山地带的森林得到一定恢复;5500 cal.a B.P.左右的降温事件和4000 cal.a B.P.左右的干旱事件以及人类活动,使得泥河湾盆地的森林植被破坏后再也没有恢复到之前的景观,草原植被迅速发展;4000～2000cal.a B.P.,气候以冷干为主,区域内森林植被几近消失,只在水分条件较好的地方有小片阔叶灌丛林生长,植被类型表现为草原或干草原.泥河湾盆地中晚全新世以来的气候变化与其他地方的对比表明,东亚季风的衰退具同步性.     

河北阳原侯家窑遗址区古河流与古人类生存环境研究

侯家窑遗址是旧石器中期重要的考古文化遗址,然而对侯家窑古人类的生存年代及生存环境至今尚存争议.本文通过野外地质观测、地磁测量和电阻率测深等工作以及动植物研究资料分析,对遗址区地质地貌环境,尤其是与古人类生存密切相关的古河流发育情况进行了系统研究.结果表明:1)在侯家窑遗址区发育一条NNW-SSE向的古河流,它形成于224ka B.P.前的泥河湾古湖泊大规模萎缩阶段,直至被晚更新世冲洪积物掩埋后才结束发育历史.2)侯家窑遗址古人类文化遗存埋藏于古河流截弯取直遗留的牛轭湖沉积层及不整合覆于其上的壤化粘土层中,时限为距今约224～ 161ka,即侯家窑古人类在此地生活达6万年之久.3)牛轭湖区不仅适宜多种植物生长,而且水流缓滞、清澈,是各类动物优先选择食物和饮水的地方.古人类在这里使用石球围猎,较之在其他地带成功率高.4)侯家窑古人类生存时期,气候寒冷,但这里的地形呈面向东南的宽阔圈椅状,光照条件良好,气候温和,其间又有河流穿过,生态环境相对优越,动植物资源较为丰富;而且遗址附近优质石器原料遍布,许多石料在河谷中即可寻到,方便石器制作.因此,对于旧石器时代以狩猎和采集为主要生活方式的古人类来讲,在寒冷的区域气候背景下,选择生存环境较好的侯家窑遗址区倚河而居势成必然.     

青南高原西部砂金成矿条件分析

青南高原西部,处于柴达木准地台与松潘—甘孜印支褶皱系衔接部位。属于青藏高原北部的可可西里地区,平均海拔4800—5000m,属高寒荒漠干旱气候区。由昆仑山大起伏高山区及江河源高海拔波状平原区组成二级地貌区。通过对该区近代砂金矿形成的物质来源、新构造运动、地貌、气候、水动力条件及供源条件进行分析,认为该区砂金矿床的规模以及砂金找矿的前景并非如人们估计的那样乐观。