构造矿床学简论

矿床地质工作包括两个方面,其一是矿床本身的研究;其二是矿田构造的研究。前者是探讨成矿的内因,而后者着重于成矿的外部条件(外因)。矿床工作者一般不能顾及矿田构造,而从事矿田构造者则往往对矿床成因很少加以探索。 笔者提出的构造矿床学,其用意在于把成矿的内因和外因结合起来,以期全面地阐明矿产的形成机理和赋存规律。构造矿床学包括了矿床学和矿田构造学两方面的基本内容。     

适用于不同基线条件下北斗三频RTK算法研究

针对RTK作业过程中,不同长度基线残余误差大小的差异对定位结算的影响,本文分析了短、中、长3种基线条件下的主要误差来源及其大小,并比较了几种不同的三频RTK结算策略对各项误差的处理能力,提出了分别适用于短、中、长3种不同基线条件的三频RTK算法.对于15 km以内的短基线,采用改进的TCAR算法解算;中基线条件下采用电...     

基于DOP值的GPS/INS组合导航滤波方法

分析了组合导航观测值的特点,指出其随机特性与精度因子(DOP)有关,将DOP信息引入组合导航中,实时修正组合导航观测值的方差,以适应卫星几何条件变化引起的噪声特性变化,最后通过实测组合导航算例对方法进行了验证。实验表明,利用DOP值信息提高了组合导航的精度和可靠性。     

Mining spatiotemporal association patterns from complex geographic phenomena

ABSTRACT

Spatiotemporal association pattern mining can discover interesting interdependent relationships among various types of geospatial data. However, existing mining methods for spatiotemporal association patterns usually model geographic phenomena as simple spatiotemporal point events. Therefore, they cannot be applied to complex geographic phenomena, which continuously change their properties, shapes or locations, such as storms and air pollution. The most salient feature of such complex geographic phenomena is the geographic dynamic. To fully reveal dynamic characteristics of complex geographic phenomena and discover their associated factors, this research proposes a novel complex event-based spatiotemporal association pattern mining framework. First, a complex geographic event was hierarchically modeled and represented by a new data structure named directed spatiotemporal routes. Then, sequence mining technique was applied to discover the spatiotemporal spread pattern of the complex geographic events. An adaptive spatiotemporal episode pattern mining algorithm was proposed to discover the candidate driving factors for the occurrence of complex geographic events. Finally, the proposed approach was evaluated by analyzing the air pollution in the region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach can well address the geographic dynamic of complex geographic phenomena, such as the spatial spreading pattern and spatiotemporal interaction with candidate driving factors.     

成矿裂隙的成生和充填及其脉动性

成矿裂隙(简称矿裂)和自然界其他事物一样,有它自己发生、发展以至消亡的历史。矿裂与无脉体充填的断裂构造区别在于:它直接表现出来的是矿脉(或岩脉)。矿裂的发展过程可分为三个阶段:成生阶段、张开充填阶段和破坏阶段,各阶段的应力状况和表现形式可以不同。     

岩石力学联锁咬合岩块结构稳定性分析

首次建立了岩石力学中的多种联锁咬合岩块结构模型,介绍了块体理论的进展,并采用改进的DDA（块体不连续变形分析）法对块体进行了稳定性分析。     

短周期气压波对青岛台体应变的影响分析

利用相关分析、回归分析和交叉小波变换等方法,研究青岛台短周期（小于128 min）气压波和体应变的相关系数、气压系数和时频谱。结果表明,影响青岛台体应变的短周期气压波的优势周期为16~128 min。周期小于16 min（高频段）时,相关系数较小,随周期增大而增大;周期大于16 min（低频段）时,相关系数较大,趋于稳定。在相关系数较大且稳定的周期,气压系数为（3.5~3.6）×10-9/hPa,其中周期为16~64 min的气压系数随时间波动最小。交叉小波变换能更细致地揭示不同周期气压波和体应变在时频域的相关关系。     

Geochemistry of pyrite and chalcopyrite from an active black smoker in 49.6°E Southwest Indian Ridge

Active hydrothermal chimneys, as the product of submarine hydrothermal activity, can be used to determine the fluid evolution and formation process of potential volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits. A hard-won specimen from an active hydrothermal chimney was collected in the 49.6°E ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) field through a television-guided grab. A geochemical study of prominent sulfide (e.g., pyrite and chalcopyrite) included in this sample was performed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The early sulfides produced at low temperature are of disseminated fine-grained anhedral morphology, whereas the late ones with massive, coarse euhedral features precipitated in a high-temperature setting. The systematic variations in the contents of minor and trace elements are apparently related to the crystallization sequence, as well as to texture. Micro-disseminated anhedral sulfides rich in Pb, As, Ni, Ba, Mn, Mo, U, and V were formed during the initial chimney wall growth, whereas those rich in Sn, Se, and Co with massive, coarse euhedral morphology were formed within the late metallogenic stage. The hydrothermal fluid composition has experienced a great change during the chimney growth. Such a conclusion is consistent with that indicated by using principal component analysis, which is a powerful statistical analysis method widely used to project multidimensional datasets (e.g., element contents in different mineral phases) into a few directions. This distribution pattern points to crystallographic controls on minor and trace element uptake during chimney growth, occurring with concomitant variations in the fluid composition evolutionary history. In this pyrite-chalcopyrite-bearing active hydrothermal chimney at the SWIR, the metal concentration and precipitation of sulfides largely occurred at the seafloor as a result of mixing between the upwelling hot hydrothermal fluid and cold seawater. Over the course of mixing, significant variations in metal solubility were caused by changes in temperature, pH, and redox conditions in the parental fluid phase.     

辽河盆地新生代构造演化模式

辽河盆地新生代火山岩的分布规律和岩石学特征表明：辽河盆地新生代的构造环境的为大陆裂谷。地壳深部资料显示了辽河地区存在上地幔隆起,它控制了浅部构造的发育。而辽河盆地新生代断裂构造组合,反演出辽河盆地新生代４期的构造应力作用方式。为此,笔者将造山和成盆作用纳入统一的动力学机制,提出了辽河盆地新生代构造演化的动力学模式。