北太平洋副热带模态水形成区混合层热动力过程诊断分析

利用NCEP海洋数据和COADS海气通量资料,通过诊断分析,揭示了海表热力强迫、垂直夹卷、埃克曼平流和地转平流效应在北太平洋副热带模态水形成过程中的贡献。研究表明,在北太平洋副热带3个模态水形成海域冬季混合层降温过程中,海表热力强迫和垂直夹卷效应是主导因素,二者的相对贡献分别约为67%和19%(西部模态水)、53%和21%(中部模态水)、65%和30%(东部模态水);并且在东部模态水形成海域,埃克曼平流和地转平流皆是暖平流效应,而在西部和中部模态水形成海域,仅有地转平流是暖平流效应。进一步的分析表明,海洋平流(地转平流、埃克曼平流)对北太平洋副热带模态水形成海域秋、冬季混合层温度的年际、年代际异常有显著影响,在西部模态水形成海域,海表热力强迫(62%)和地转平流(32%)是导致混合层温度年际、年代际变化的主要因子;在中部模态水形成海域,混合层温度的年际、年代际变化是埃克曼平流(32%)、地转平流(30%)和海表热力强迫(25%)共同作用的结果;相对而言,东部模态水形成海域混合层温度的年际、年代际异常主要受海表热力强迫(67%)控制。     

Screen and effect analysis of immunostimulants for sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

Immunostimulants may improve disease resistance of aquaculture animals by promoting the nonspecific immunity response of the organisms. Five types of saccharides, including chitosan, yeast polysaccharide, burdock oligosaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide and lentinus edodes polysaccharide, were screened for potential use as immunostimulants by using spectrophotometry. The saccharides were injected into Apostichopus japonicus, a sea cucumber, and the lysozyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the coelomic fluid and epidermal slime were monitored in six consecutive days. The results show that the lysozyme activity of the animal's coelomic fluid was significantly stimulated on day 2, day 4 and day 6 after the injection of the saccharides (P<0.05). The effects of chitosan and yeast polysaccharide were the most notable. The lysozyme activity of the epidermal slime was significantly increased by chitosana, yeast polysaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide, and burdock oligosaccharide on day 1 and day 2 after the injection (P<0.05). The SOD activity of the coelomic fluid was significantly promoted by the saccharides on day 2 and day 4 post-injection (P<0.05), while the SOD activity of the epidermal slime increased on day 2. These findings indicate that chitosan and yeast polysaccharide are the most effective immunostimulants and potential healthy anti-disease feedstuff for A. japonicus.     

Inheritance mode of microsatellite loci and their use for kinship analysis in the Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas）

Five full-sib families of the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) larvae were used to study the mode of inheritance at eight microsatellite loci,and the feasibility of these markers for kinship estimate was also examined.All eight microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance.Neither evidence of sex-linked barriers to transmission nor evidence of major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents was shown.Three of the eight loci showed the presence of null alleles in four families,demonstrating the need to conduct comprehensive species-specific inheritance studies for microsatellite loci used in population genetic studies.Although the null allele heterozygotes were considered as homozygotes in the calculation of genetic distance,offspring from five full-sib families were unambiguously discriminated in the neighbor-joining dendrogram.This result indicates that the microsatellite markers may be capable of discriminating between related and unrelated oyster larvae in the absence of pedigree information,and is applicable to the investigation of the effective number of parents contributing to the hatchery population of the Pacific oyster.     

The Role of the Halted Baroclinic Mode at the Central Equatorial Pacific in El Nino Event

The role of halted "baroclinic modes" in the central equatorial Pacific is analyzed. It is found that dominant anomaly signals corresponding to "baroclinic modes" occur in the upper layer of the equatorial Pacific, in a two-and-a-half layer oceanic model, in assimilated results of a simple OGCM and in the ADCP observation of TAO. A second "baroclinic mode" is halted in the central equatorial Pacific corresponding to a positive SST anomaly while the first "baroclinic mode" propagates eastwards in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The role of the halted second "baroclinic mode" in the central equatorial Pacific is explained by a staged ocean-atmosphere interaction mechanism in the formation of El Nino: the westerly bursts in boreal winter over the western equatorial Pacific generate the halted second "baroclinic mode" in the central equatorial Pacific, leading to the increase of heat content and temperature in the upper layer of the central Pacific which induces the shift of convection from over the western equatorial Pacific to the central equatorial Pacific; another wider, westerly anomaly burst is induced over the western region of convection above the central equatorial Pacific and the westerly anomaly burst generates the first "baroclinic mode" propagating to the eastern equatorial Pacific, resulting in a warm event in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The mechanism presented in this paper reveals that the central equatorial Pacific is a key region in detecting the possibility of ENSO and, by analyzing TAO observation data of ocean currents and temperature in the central equatorial Pacific, in predicting the coming of an El Nino several months ahead.     

First record of Paraonella platybranchia （Hartman, 1961） （Polychaeta： Paraonidae） from the Yellow Sea

This paper reports for the first time a species of polychaetous family Paraonidae, Paraonella platybranchia (Hartman, 1961), a rare species found previously only in the coast near the boundary between the United States and Mexico, and it was recently discovered in the samples collected in 1982 from Chinese side of the Yellow Sea. This is the first record of the species in China as well as in the Northwest Pacific.     

The Scavenging of Free Radical and Oxygen Species Activities and Hydration Capacity of Collagen Hydrolysates from Walleye Pollock(Theragra chalcogramma) Skin

Fish skin collagen hydrolysates (FSCH) were prepared from walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) using a mixture of enzymes, namely trypsin and flavourzyme. The degree of hydrolysis of the skin collagen was 27.3%. FSCH was mainly composed of low-molecular-weight peptides and the relative proportion of <1000Da fraction was 70.6%. Free radical and oxygen species scavenging activities of FSCH were investigated in four model systems, including diphenylpicrylhy-drazyl radical (DPPH), superox-ide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide model, and compared with that of a native antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH). FSCH was also evaluated by water-absorbing and water-holding capacity. The results showed that FSCH was able to scav-enge free radical and oxygen species significantly and to enhance water-absorbing and water-holding capacity remarkably. Therefore, FSCH may have potential applications in the medicine and food industries.     

卫星高度计资料揭示的冬季南海吕宋冷涡的双涡结构

吕宋冷涡是南海海洋环流系中最重要的涡旋之一。利用卫星高度计资料时空较高分辨率的优势,发现冬季吕宋冷涡有可能是由2个气旋式涡旋所组成的,一个气旋式涡旋位于吕宋岛的西侧(LCE1),另一个位于吕宋岛的西北(LCE2)。利用相关分析、功率谱分析等,估计了局地风应力和黑潮在形成吕宋冷涡过程中各自的贡献。研究结果表明,LCE1只存在于冬季,与吕宋岛西侧局地的风应力旋度有关;LCE2位于进入吕宋海峡的黑潮的西侧,全年存在,可能是由黑潮所诱生的气旋式涡旋,其变化主要周期为季节内振荡。     

准噶尔盆地东南缘油页岩干馏的PY-GC模拟

采用热解气相色谱技术,通过多温度区间加热和单温度区间加热2种方式模拟了准噶尔盆地东南缘大黄山油页岩的干馏过程。多温度区间热模拟的结果表明,油页岩的干馏过程分起始阶段、高峰阶段和末尾阶段3个阶段。起始阶段热解的产物很少,到高峰阶段产物的产量突增,90%的产物在这一阶段生成,末尾阶段的热解产物以气体为主;多温度区间热模拟的结果对页岩的工业干馏工艺设计具有一定的指导意义。单温度区间热模拟的结果表明,干馏产物有以轻质组分为主和以重质组分为主2种类型。目前的研究表明,风化程度和焦油产率是影响干馏产物构成的主要因素。     

反循环气体钻井非线性温度模型

在反循环气体钻井中,循环介质与地层之间不断进行着热交换,因此井内温度分布是影响气体反循环钻井流体动力学参数的重要因素。基于反循环钻井技术特点,考虑循环介质与地层间热量的交换,沿钻孔径向取传热平衡微分单元作为研究对象,建立中心通道内流体和环状间隙内流体热平衡方程。通过求解线性非齐次方程推出反循环气体钻井非线性温度模型,并给出了模型求解的边界条件。通过算例可知,按照自然地层温度计算的井底温度比采用该模型计算的井底温度高21.14 K,这是因为随井深增加,热量由温度较高的地层向温度较低的气体传递,但是热传递并不完全,考虑地层与井眼流体热交换的反循环气体钻井非线性温度模型符合井内温度分布。     

青岛市科学利用住房调查成果促进资源利用效率的最大化

0引言实施城镇居民住房状况调查是政府科学制定城市发展规划和建设计划、制定完善相关政策的基础工作,世界各地已有100多个国家和地区采取不同形式实施经常性的住房调查。居民住房状况调查数据在住房和房地产业政策制定中的先导作用已被越来越多的各国政府机构所重视和肯定。2005年,青岛市组织的居民住房状况调查、最低生活保障家庭住房状况调查,使青岛成为继1985年全国房屋普查后率先组织实施(具有普查性质)住房调查工作的城市。通过调查建立了《住房状况调查数据查询分析系统》、编制了《青岛市住房状况调查数据资料汇编》和《青岛市住房…