THE MEANDER OF KUROSHIO AND OSCILLATION IN A COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL*

A numerical experiment of an asynchronous coupled ocean-atmosphere model has been described in this paper.A two-layer global atmosphere general circulation model(OSU/IAP-AGCM)and a two-layer North Pacific Ocean general circulation model(NPOGCM) developed by Liu et al.(1992)are used in numerical experiment.The sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) corresponding to the meander of the Kuroshio is treated as the initial perturbation in the Pacific Ocean and the abnormal phenomena caused by the disturbance and the interaction between atmosphere and ocean,have been studied.The numerical experiment showed that the SST anomaly in the North Pacific could induce a new 30-60 day osciltation through the coupling between atmosphere and ocean and the interaction between the meander of the Kuroshio and atmosphere circulation is a positive feedback process.     

基质镜质体的煤化作用微环境及其差异演化

在同一样品中，处于硫化铁颗粒外围和硫化铁结核内部的基质镜质体（以下简称基镜体）具不同反射率及地化特征，表明煤层内部煤化作用微环境条件有别导致同类显微组分差异演化，这可能与微应力场和无机元素催化作用不同有关。     

青海湖全新世稳定暖湿期的古水量平衡估算

各种地貌学、沉积学等证据揭示了青海湖流域在全新世大暖期是一个温暖湿润的环境,特别是距今6000～7200a.B.P.的稳定暖湿期,湖水位远高于现代.利用内陆湖泊的水热平衡原理,构造了青海湖古水量平衡计算模型.计算结果表明,在全新世稳定暖湿期,流域内的降水量、蒸发量及径流量分别比现代高32.0%、14.0%及67.0%.     

Correlation of spectroscopic properties and substitutional sites of Cr3+ in aluminosilicates: I. Kyanite

Using the superposition model in conjunction with our crystal field analysis package recently developed for 3d ions doped at arbitrary low symmetry sites in crystals, the energy levels and statevectors have been predicted within the whole 3d ³ configuration of Cr³⁺ at the four possible triclinic sites in kyanite (Al₂O₃∶SiO₂). The values of the ground state zero-field splitting for each of the four Al sites are evaluated. The splittings of the lower excited state ² E as well as the admixture of ⁴ T ₂ state into ² E have also been determined. The predicted results are compared with the available experimental data on the four possible, but so far not uniquely identified, substitutional Cr³⁺ sites in kyanite thus enabling correlation of the spectroscopic properties and substitutional sites.     

论三角测量单位权方差的先验估计与后验估计

三角洲量单位权方差的先验估值一般用经典菲列罗公式计算。实践中，经常出现三角测量单位权方差的先验估值不等于后验估值的情形．本文根据条件平差的原理，证明了单位权方基的先验估值是有偏估计，经典菲列罗公式是后验估计公式的特殊形式，并推导出了广义菲列罗公式。     

NOAA－AVHRR图像大气影响校正方法研究及软件研制第一部分 原理和模型

大气影响是遥感定量化应用的主要障碍之一。本文首先分析了大气对遥感图像产生的各种影响并对影响程度进行了一般的阐述，然后在原理和方法上对典型的大气影响校正算法进行了总结。通过分析我们认为，为了校正遥感图像所受到的大气影响，定量地获取当时当地的大气条件是完成这一工作的必要条件，而且是非常重要的条件之一。为此，我们提出了利用ＮＯＡＡ星载垂直探测器资料即ＴＯＶＳ资料，结合使用气溶胶模型，通过大气辐射传输模型，建立地面辐射量与卫星测量值之间的关系，并完成了对ＮＯＡＡ－ＡＶＨＲＲ图像的大气影响校正。在此基础上对我们的模型和算法进行了详细论述。这一模型是一套适用于发展业务软件的校正模型，软件发展完善后将为ＮＯＡＡ－ＡＶＨＲＲ数据的定量化应用打下基础。     

NOAA—AVHRR图像大气影响校正方法研究及软件研制第二部分：软件研制

本文重点介绍平面平行大气多次散射方程的求解及Ｔｏｖｓ资料与图像的配准等问题。对于散射方程的求解本文吸取了众多的研究成果，但由于我们已知的是大气顶的辐射，而未知的是地表反射率，因此直接利用正演方法将存在问题。为此，本文引进地面总波谱辐射与直接波谱辐射的比值作为中间变量，并提出了一种有效的解决办法。本文将重点介绍程序设计，并对一些结果进行了讨论，指出了进一步的工作。经过一年多的试运行，证明该软件运行可靠，时效较高，已达到常规运行的要求。     

华南4～6月降水异常的环流特征

分析了华南４－６月降水量的年际变化特征及华南４－６月旱、涝年的５００ｈＰａ高度距平场的主要差异，结果表明，４－６降水存在２．５－３年的准周期变化和持续１０年左右的阶段性变化特征，旱、涝年１－３月５００ｈＰａ高度距平场的分布基本反位相，４－６月的距平场也存在明显的差异。综合结果表明，从冬季开始到次年６月，旱、涝年５００ｈＰａ高度距平沿５０°Ｎ纬圈的演变具有基本相反的过程。     

TRAJECTORY ANALYSES OF THE DUSTSTORMS OVER EAST ASIA

The transports of dust are calculated using 3-dimensional(3-D)trajectory method for three cases of duststorms inthe terrain-following coordinate system,and the synoptic processes are also discussed for each case.The case of 17—20April 1980,a severe duststorm was associated with the rapid development of a cyclone over the Mongolia Plateau.Thedust moved from west to east across several deserts,formed a typical dust path in spring.The other two were weaker andthe dust was triggered by the strong wind behind the cold front from northwest or north.Because the vertical velocity isconsidered in 3-D trajectory analysis,trajectories calculated should better reveal the transport rule of the dust particlesand the results seem to be more consistent with the synoptic processes.The trajectory analysis on the 2-D isobaric sur-faces is simpler but can be used only in the conditions with weak vertical wind shear and weak vertical velocity.The dif-ference of trajectories at lower levels between two methods may be caused by the different treatment of orography.     

青海东部春季降水量的经验正交分解特征及与海温和500hPa高度场的相关

本文通过对青海省东部１３个站４－６月降水量进行了ＥＯＦ分解，给出了这一地区季降水的空分布特征，其主要特征向量的时间系数与同期太平洋海温存在明显的遥相关，最后用第一特征向量的时间系数作为表征青海东部春季的旱涝指数，分析了它与前期太平洋海温和５００ｈＰａ高度场的相关，结果发现：前一年春季赤道东太平洋海温和冬季太平洋地区５００ｈＰａ高度对我省东部春季降水有明显的指示意义。