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981.
本文以欧阳首承教授“不损伤信息”的落区和落点结构分析方法,对四川省广汉地区的间断、持续性雷暴天气进行了具体地分析和预测。结果表明,该方法不仅可揭示天气的转折性变化,并使用10分钟一次数据的自记非规则信息,也已经能预测仅有半小时的局地雷暴天气。这不仅对民用、军用飞行有实际意义,也显示了充分利用自动气象站信息资源的必要性,并应改进目前自动气象站的记录读取方式。 相似文献
982.
Geostatistics Analyst中空间内插方法的介绍 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
主流GIS软件ArcGIS 9的Geostatistics Analyst模块中所涉及的两大类空间内插方法:确 定性内插方法和地统计内插方法。结合该软件对各种插值方法的应用和处理进行了介绍,应用示例 比较各种内插方法的适用范围。 相似文献
983.
984.
A study of interaction between surface water and groundwater using environmental isotope in Huaisha River basin 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
The surface water and groundwater are important components of water cycle, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater is the important part in water cycle research. As the effective tracers in water cycle research, environmental isotope and hydrochemistry can reveal the interrelationships between surface water and groundwater effectively. The study area is the Huaisha River basin, which is located in Huairou district, Beijing. The field surveying and sampling for spring, river and well water were finished in 2002 and 2003. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and water quality were measured at the laboratory. The spatial characteristics in isotope and evolution of water quality along river lines at the different area were analyzed. The altitude effect of oxygen isotope in springs was revealed, and then using this equation, theory foundation for deducing recharge source of spring was estimated. By applying the mass balance method, the annual mean groundwater recharge rate at the catchment was estimated. Based on the groundwater recharge analysis, combining the hydrogeological condition analysis, and comparing the rainfall-runoff coefficients from the 1960s to 1990s in the Huaisha River basin and those in the Chaobai River basin, part of the runoff in the Huaisha River basin is recharged outside of this basin, in other words, this basin is an un-enclosed basin. On the basis of synthetically analyses, combining the compositions of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and hydrochemistry, geomorphology, geology, and watershed systems characteristics, the relative contributions between surface water and groundwater flow at the different areas at the catchments were evaluated, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater was re- vealed lastly. 相似文献
985.
用最小绝对偏差方法(LAD)估计极值分布参数的探讨 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
数理统计问题中的最小绝对偏差方法(Least Absolute Deviation)由于具有良好的稳健性,近年来备受重视。本文所研究的是如何将最小绝对偏差法及非线性回归模型相结合,应用于极值分布的参数估计,并与经典的参数估计法相比较。通过对徐州市降雨量数据的研究表明,改进后的参数估计法不仅提高了模型拟和的精确度,而且有良好的稳定性,可以推广到相关气象要素的预测、预报研究中。其中,将LAD法运用于极值分布模型是一个新的尝试。 相似文献
986.
Spatial distribution of metals in urban topsoils of Xuzhou (China): controlling factors and environmental implications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The contamination of soils by metals from various sources is a subject of increasing concern in recent times. Twenty-eight
elements (Fe, Ti, Cr, Al, Ga, Pb, Sc, Ba, Li, Cd, Be, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, Zn, Mo, Pt, Pd, Au, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Bi, Ag and Sn)
have been analyzed from urban topsoil from the city of Xuzhou. The concentrations of these analyzed elements have been correlated
to some soil parameters such as organic matter, pH, cation exchange capacity, carbonate content, and granulometric fractions
(clay, silt and sand). Results of the statistical analysis show a large variety and complexity in these relationships. The
spatial distributions of these metal concentrations were also constructed using geographical information system. The spatial
distribution patterns of the elements analyzed show that traffic and industrial activities are the principal anthropogenic
pollutant sources. 相似文献
987.
Luo Liancong Qin Boqiang Zhu Guangwei Sun Xiaojing Hong Dalin Gao Yajun Xie Rui 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1):186-192
A wave flume experiment was conducted to study nutrient fluxes at water-sediment interface of Meiliang Bay under different hydrodynamic conditions. The results reveal that hydrodynamics has remarkable effects on nutrient fluxes in this area. With a bottom wave stress of 0.019 N m?2 (equivalent to disturbance caused by wind SE 5–7 m s?1 at the sediment sample site of Meiliang Bay), the fluxes of TN, TDN and NH4 +-N were separately 1.92 × 10?3, ?1.81 × 10?4 and 5.28 × 10?4 mg m?2 s?1 (positive for upward and negative for downward), but for TP, TDP and SRP, the fluxes were 5.69 × 10?4, 1.68 × 10?4 and ?1.29 × 10?4 mg m?2 s?1. In order to calculate the released amount of nutrients based on these results, statistic analysis on the long-term meteorological data was conducted. The result shows that the maximum lasting time for wind SE 5–7 m s?1 in this area is about 15 h in summer. Further calculation shows that 111 t TN, 32 t NH4 +-N, 34 t TP and 10 t TDP can be released into water (the sediment area was 47.45% of the whole surface area), resulting in concentration increase of 0.025, 0.007, 0.007 and 0.002 mg L?1 separately. With stronger disturbance (bottom wave stress is 0.217 N m?2 which is equivalent to disturbance caused by wind SE 10–11 m s?1 at the same site), there has been significant increase of nutrient fluxes (1.16 × 10?2, 6.76 × 10?3, 1.14 × 10?2 and 2.14 × 10?3 mg m?2 s?1 for TN, DTN and NH4 +-N and TP). The exceptions were TDP with flux having a decrease (measured to be 9.54 × 10?5 mg m?2 s?1) and SRP with flux having a small increase (measured to be 5.42 × 10?5 mg m?2 s?1). The same statistic analysis on meteorological data reveal that the maximum lasting time for wind SE 10–11 m s?1 is no more than 5 h. Based on the nutrient fluxes and the wind lasting-time, similar calculations were also made suggesting that 232 t TN, 134.9 t TDN, 228 t NH4 +-N, 42.7 t TP, 2.0 t TDP and 1.1 t SRP will be released from sediment at this hydrodynamic condition resulting in the concentration increases of 0.050, 0.029, 0.049, 0.009, 0.0004 and 0.0002 mg L?1. Therefore in shallow lakes, surface disturbance can lead to significant increase of nutrient concentrations although some components in water column had negative flux with weak disturbance (e.g. TDN and SRP in this experiment). In this case, sediment looks to be a source of nutrients. These nutrients deposited in sediment can be carried or released into water with sediment resuspension or changes of environmental conditions at water-sediment interface, which can have great effects on aquatic ecosystem and is also the characteristics of shallow lakes. 相似文献
988.
The 1920S Drought Recorded by Tree Rings and Historical Documents in the Semi-Arid and Arid Areas of Northern China 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Eryuan Liang Xiaohong Liu Yujiang Yuan Ningsheng Qin Xiuqi Fang Lei Huang Haifeng Zhu Lily Wang Xuemei Shao 《Climatic change》2006,79(3-4):403-432
Using a network of tree-ring data, we show that there had been significant growth decline in the 1920s and early 1930s throughout
a wide area of northern China. This growth depression is indicative of a severe and sustained drought in the 1920s and early
1930s, which was then confirmed with a variety of historical and instrumental records including hydrological, meteorological,
and documentary evidence. The 1920s drought had a devastating effect not only on agricultural productivity, hydrological resources
and society in the affected areas, but also on natural vegetation, as inferred from the tree-ring network and historical records.
This research offers a picture of the drought calamity during the 1920s and early 1930s in northern China, and demonstrates
the potential to identify spatial anomalies of large-scale drought using tree-ring networks in the semi-arid and arid areas
of northern China. 相似文献
989.
利用多普勒雷达的基本反射率图、径向速度图及相关资料,分析了7.3四川西部区域性暴雨天气过程,发现:就基本反射率而言,多普勒雷达与713数字化雷达所监测到的川西暴雨回波演变规律一致;径向速度图上,强降水区域存在明显的风向、风速的切变. 相似文献
990.
设计是整个工程的灵魂,是科技成果转化为现实生产力的桥梁和杠杆,技术创新是带动工程建设技术进步的先导.工程设计企业要紧跟世界科技发展的步伐,在技术创新中追求可持续发展.转变观念是提升技术创新能力的先导,加大投入是提高创新能力的基础,人才资源是提高技术创新能力的核心,技术创新是企业增强核心竞争力的根本途径. 相似文献