罗斯海西部末次冰盛期以来沉积环境重建:有机碳与生物标志化合物分析

本文研究采自位于南极罗斯海西部的ANT32-RB16C柱状沉积物,根据粒度、有机碳和生物标志化合物数据探讨末次冰盛期(24.8 ～20 ka BP)以来该地区有机质来源及沉积环境特征。该柱状样记录了冰架下沉积、冰架前沉积、开阔海域沉积的沉积环境。指示有机质来源的生物标志化合物指标表明该柱状样中所含有机质主要为浮游植物、细菌等海源输入,同时伴有少量陆源物质混合输入。末次冰盛期,由于冰架的影响有机质含量较低,环流影响使得有机质受低等浮游藻类生物等海源影响较大。末次冰消期(20～11.7 ka BP),罗斯冰架消退,冰川溶解释放的有机质在此沉积,使得陆源有机质输入增多,有机质含量升高。进入全新世,有机质含量较末次冰盛期和末次冰消期明显升高,海源输入比例增大,同时细菌等原核生物增多,导致短链正构烷烃降解程度较大。研究区的氧化还原环境主要受冰架与海冰限制作用的影响,与有机质含量和高氧的南极底层水关系不大。总体来说,从末次冰盛期到末次冰消期,研究区沉积环境受罗斯冰架进退影响,全新世以来受气候变化影响。     

线纹海马Hippocampus erectus的tlr21基因结构及其对CpG-ODN的应答特征

作为先天性免疫反应中重要的模式识别受体之一, TLR(toll-like receptor)基因家族介导的先天性免疫是脊椎动物抵御病原微生物的重要防线。研究分析了线纹海马Hippocampus erectus tlr21基因的序列特征, 并基于抗原注射实验探讨了海马tlr21的免疫功能。线纹海马tlr21基因的开放阅读框长度为2946bp, 编码981个氨基酸, 预测其编码蛋白相对分子量为246.98kDa, 理论等电点为4.78。tlr21编码蛋白主要包含1个信号肽和3个功能结构域: 胞外区具有14个富含亮氨酸重复序列的结构域(LRR), 跨膜区具有富含半胱氨酸的结构域, 胞内区则具有TIR结构域。同源性比较和系统进化分析表明, 线纹海马tlr21基因与虎尾海马Hippocampus comes tlr21基因的同源性最高, 其次与斜带石斑鱼Epinephelus coioides、牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus、大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus和红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubripes的tlr21基因聚为一枝。tlr21基因在线纹海马的脑、鳃、肝、肠、肾、性腺、肌肉和育儿袋各组织均有分布, 肾脏中表达量最高。抗原注射实验结果发现, 线纹海马Tlr21对不同类型CpG寡脱氧核苷酸(CpG-ODNs)的识别能力存在差异, 其中, CpG-2007和CpG-HC4040对海马肾脏tlr21的mRNA表达量具有显著的促进作用(P<0.05)。研究表明, 线纹海马Tlr21能够通过识别含CpG序列的DNA发挥免疫识别作用, 研究结果将有助于系统认识海马免疫系统中TLR家族基因的功能特征, 为建立海马病害防治策略提供理论依据。     

康滇地轴中段西缘二叠纪火山岩岩石地球化学特征

沿扬子地台西缘与松潘甘孜造山带东缘结合部中段两侧分布的二叠纪火山岩,分别代表攀西裂谷时期海相和陆相环境中的火山喷发产物。西部为海相高钾钙碱性—碱性拉斑玄武岩系列,东部为陆相低钾钙碱性拉斑玄武岩系列;两者的来源深度不一,前者较后者相对较深。     

由承压井水位动态反演水井含水层的应力变化

分析了承压井含水层应力场与地壳应力应变之间以及含水层应力应变与井水位之间的定量关系,给出了利用承压不位变化反演含水层应力变化的三种新方法,通过含水层的参数,固体潮效应以及气压效应反演水井含水层的应力变化,讨论了承压井水位反映含水层应力应变的稳定性,并将该反演结果与其它方法的结果进行了比较。     

岩体变形和破坏的各种应力途径

在真三轴应力状态下进行了各种应力途径的岩石变形和破坏实验。实验表明,三个主应力的变化(最大主应力的增加,最小主应力的减小,围压的减小以及中间主应力的增加或减小)都能引起岩石变形和破坏。而且岩石的强度、延性和脆性、体积变化和破坏前兆等都与应力途径有关。据根试验结果探讨了岩体工程中的应力途径问题。     

Groundwater net discharge rates estimated from lake level change in Badain Jaran Desert,Northwest China

Science China Earth Sciences - Over a hundred sizable lakes, some even larger than ~1 km2, are distributed across the lowlands between megadunes in the southeastern Badain Jaran Desert (BJD),...     

FOCAL FAULTS AND STRESS FIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF M7.0 JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE IN 2017

On August 8, 2017, Beijing time, an earthquake of M7.0 occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, with the epicenter located at 33.20°N 103.82°E. The earthquake caused 25 people dead, 525 people injured, 6 people missing and 170000 people affected. Many houses were damaged to various degrees. Up to October 15, 2017, a total of 7679 aftershocks were recorded, including 2099 earthquakes of M ≥ 1.0. The M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred in the northeastern boundary belt of the Bayan Har block on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where many active faults are developed, including the Tazhong Fault(the eastern segment of the East Kunlun Fault), the Minjiang fault zone, the Xueshan fault zone, the Huya fault zone, the Wenxian fault zone, the Guanggaishan-Daishan Fault, the Bailongjiang Fault, the Longriuba Fault and the Longmenshan Fault. As one of the important passages for the eastward extrusion movement of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(Tapponnier et al., 2001), the East Kunlun fault zone has a crucial influence on the tectonic activities of the northeastern boundary belt of Bayan Kala. Meanwhile, the Coulomb stress, fault strain and other research results show that the eastern boundary of the Bayan Har block still has a high risk of strong earthquakes in the future. So the study of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake' seismogenic faults and stress fields is of great significance for scientific understanding of the seismogenic environment and geodynamics of the eastern boundary of Bayan Har block. In this paper, the epicenter of the main shock and its aftershocks were relocated by the double-difference relocation method and the spatial distribution of the aftershock sequence was obtained. Then we determined the focal mechanism solutions of 24 aftershocks(M ≥ 3.0)by using the CAP algorithm with the waveform records of China Digital Seismic Network. After that, we applied the sliding fitting algorithm to invert the stress field of the earthquake area based on the previous results of the mechanism solutions. Combining with the previous research results of seismogeology in this area, we discussed the seismogenic fault structure and dynamic characteristics of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Our research results indicated that:1)The epicenters of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake sequence distribute along NW-SE in a stripe pattern with a long axis of about 35km and a short axis of about 8km, and with high inclination and dipping to the southwest, the focal depths are mainly concentrated in the range of 2~25km, gradually deepening from northwest to southeast along the fault, but the dip angle does not change remarkably on the whole fault. 2)The focal mechanism solution of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake is:strike 151°, dip 69° and rake 12° for nodal plane Ⅰ, and 245°, 78° and -158° for nodal plane Ⅱ, the main shock type is pure strike-slip and the centroid depth of the earthquake is about 5km. Most of the focal mechanism of the aftershock sequence is strike-slip type, which is consistent with the main shock's focal mechanism solution; 3)In the earthquake source area, the principal compressive stress and the principal tensile stress are both near horizontal, and the principal compressive stress is near east-west direction, while the principal tensile stress is near north-south direction. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake is a strike-slip event that occurs under the horizontal compressive stress.     

太湖流域河流鱼类群落的时空分布

确定河流鱼类群落的时空分布格局及其形成机制是开展鱼类物种多样性保护与管理的科学基础.基于2013年10月和2014年5月共2次对太湖流域57个河道样点的调查数据,初步研究太湖流域河流鱼类群落结构及其多样性的季节动态和空间分布特点.共采集鱼类5051尾,计46种,其中鲤科鱼类26种,占全部物种数的57%.10月份的鱼类多样性显著高于5月份,且2个季度的鱼类群落结构存在显著性差异.5个主要水系间的鱼类多样性差异显著,总体上,沿江水系和洮滆水系鱼类多样性较低,黄浦江水系居中,而南河水系和苕溪水系较高;鱼类群落结构也随水系而显著变化,主要表现为黄浦江水系与洮滆、苕溪和沿江水系呈显著差异.在2个一级生态分区之间,鱼类多样性无显著差异但群落结构显著不同,主要因、鲫、似鳊等优势种及宽鳍鱲、尖头鱥、中华青鳉、食蚊鱼等偶见种的空间分布差异所引起;在4个二级生态分区之间,鱼类多样性和群落结构均存在显著的空间变化.     

乌梁素海悬浮颗粒物和沉积物有机碳同位素特征及来源

悬浮颗粒物和沉积物是湖泊有机污染物的主要承载物质,其稳定同位素研究对有效识别有机质污染导致的湖泊富营养化具有重要意义.本研究选取乌梁素海为研究区,于2019年4月（融冰期）、7月（夏灌期）和10月（秋灌期）对湖区及入湖渠道的表层沉积物和悬浮颗粒物中有机碳的δ¹³C、C/N比及总有机碳（TOC、POC）和总氮（TON、PON）含量进行测定分析,联合采用δ¹³C、C/N及同位素多元混合模型研究湖泊有机碳来源及其贡献率.结果表明,乌梁素海悬浮颗粒物有机碳δ¹³C_POC的变化范围为-23.29‰~-29.75‰,呈现10月>4月>7月、入湖渠道>湖区的趋势,悬浮颗粒物POC/PON比变化范围为4.10~21.35,呈现出4月<7月<10月的时间变化,悬浮颗粒有机质主要来源于浮游植物（51.59%）、入湖渠道泥沙（34.60%）和大型水生植物（13.76%）.沉积物有机碳δ¹³C_TOC变化范围为-27.58‰~-22.68‰,呈现4月<10月<7月的变化,沉积物TOC/TON比变化范围为3.06~23.77,时空变化明显,沉积物有机质则主要源于入湖渠道挟带的泥沙,贡献达72.79%以上,而浮游植物与大型水生植物的贡献率相差较小,分别为11.85%和15.36%.本研究可以初步判定受入湖渠道影响的富营养化湖泊中悬浮颗粒物和沉积物有机碳来源,为改善湖泊有机污染和研究有机碳来源提供更多理解.