辽宁夏季积云降水发生频率及人工影响潜力分析

用辽宁14个台站的常规地面观测记录，统计分析了6～8月各类积云的发生频率及其降水特征，结合沈阳站的探空资料，分析了各类积云的降水能力和人工影响潜力。结果表明：①辽宁夏季积云出现概率很大，每站年均41．5d，占夏季总云日的50％以上；②平均每年每站有11d以上的积云降水，为夏季总降水日数的36．9％；③各地区平均积云降水量占总降水量的33．5％，其中积云暴雨量占总暴雨雨量的43．1％；④有层状云伴随出现的积云、积雨云出现的概率较大，但多数情况降水效率不很高，具有较多的人工增雨作业机会和潜力，可以作为人工催化的主要作业对象。     

Crustal movement and deformation in Taiwan and its coastal area

Introduction Both Taiwan Island and Chinese mainland belong to Eurasian plate in geological structure. And the nearest distance between Taiwan Island and Fujian Province, which is located on the opposite coast, is only 130 km. Although there are high-precision GPS networks in both Taiwan and Fujian Province, joint GPS measurement cannot be made directly because of the inconvenient contact due to the strait between them. However, the GPS networks arranged on b…     

Web GIS--网络时代的地理信息系统

概述WebGIS的构成，特色、设计思想，实现方法等，通过与传统GIS比较，展望其未来在GIS领域扮演的角色。     

消费因素影响下广州市大型百货商店的发展

大型百货商店的发展受多方面的综合作用 ,消费因素是其中的一个重要因素。城市基本消费结构和消费者行为规律对大型百货商店的选址、市场定位、空间拓展等有着举足轻重的影响。论文通过实际问卷调查 ,对广州市整体消费结构和消费的空间差异进行分析 ,对商店在业态和空间方面的发展提出借鉴性的建议     

基于MODIS影像的山西省植被指数分析

以MODIS遥感影像为数据源,利用ENVI遥感影像处理软件,笔者对山西省2005年9月和2006年9月两期MODIS影像的植被指数进行计算,建立了两期植被指数密度分割模型,以获得全省植被覆盖的整体状况,通过对两期植被指数影像图进行动态链接、叠加以及结合相减比较,可以看出两年间全省的植被覆盖空间变化情况。结果表明:全省较低植被覆盖区不多,高植被地区主要分布在中部以南地区,中低植被覆盖集中在中部以北地区。两年的植被指数比较结果表明,全省中等植被覆盖区有所增加,但高植被覆盖区增加不明显。     

基于MODIS影像的山西省植被指数分析

以MODIS遥感影像为数据源,利用ENVI遥感影像处理软件,笔者对山西省2005年9月和2006年9月两期MODIS影像的植被指数进行计算,建立了两期植被指数密度分割模型,以获得全省植被覆盖的整体状况,通过对两期植被指数影像图进行动态链接、叠加以及结合相减比较,可以看出两年间全省的植被覆盖空间变化情况。结果表明：全省较低植被覆盖区不多,高植被地区主要分布在中部以南地区,中低植被覆盖集中在中部以北地区。两年的植被指数比较结果表明,全省中等植被覆盖区有所增加,但高植被覆盖区增加不明显。     

地图印刷质量检测与评定

本文论述了印刷品的质量内容及影响印刷品质量的主要因素,结合地图印刷的特殊性,阐述了质量检测评定的原理,给出了模糊综合评价法和可拓综合评价法两种质量评定数学模型,并对质量检测系统的应用现状与未来发展进行了展望。     

中国生态文明建设效率空间均衡性及格局演变特征

研究中国生态文明建设效率的空间分布状态及格局演变特征,有利于厘清生态文明建设效率的空间差异机理,对于缩小区域差异及其驱动因素的探索具有重要的指导意义和参考价值。因此,基于“自然—经济—社会”（Nature-Economy-Society, N-E-S）复合生态系统理论和生态文明建设内涵目标构建生态文明建设效率的投入产出指标体系,并运用考虑非期望产出的SBM模型对中国2003-2015年的生态文明建设效率进行了测算,在此基础上,综合运用核密度估计、Theil指数、重心—标准差椭圆等方法,对中国生态文明建设效率的空间均衡性及其空间分布格局进行了探究。结果表明：① 中国生态文明建设效率存在明显的空间非均衡性,在研究期内（2003-2015年）空间非均衡性表现为先逐渐缩小后又逐渐扩大的动态演变特征;由三大区域的Theil指数均值可知,西部地区空间非均衡程度最大（0.1174）,东部次之（0.0365）,中部最小（0.0223）。② 从重心移动轨迹来看,中国生态文明建设效率的重心位于河南境内,历经了先向东南再向东北移动的过程,重心移动的方向表明位于该方向上的地区生态文明建设效率有所提升。③ 从标准差椭圆来看,中国生态文明建设效率空间分布呈现出偏东北—偏西南格局,并且这种格局有向正北—正南方向转变的趋势。     

An agile very low frequency radio spectrum explorer

The very low frequency(VLF) regime below 30 MHz in the electromagnetic spectrum has presently been drawing global attention in radio astronomical research due to its potentially significant science outcomes exploring many unknown extragalactic sources,transients,and so on.However,the nontransparency of the Earth's ionosphere,ionospheric distortion and artificial radio frequency interference(RFI) have made it difficult to detect the VLF celestial radio emission with ground-based instruments.A straightforward solution to overcome these problems is a space-based VLF radio telescope,just like the VLF radio instruments onboard the Chang'E-4 spacecraft.But building such a space telescope would be inevitably costly and technically challenging.The alternative approach would be then a ground-based VLF radio telescope.Particularly,in the period of post 2020 when the solar and terrestrial ionospheric activities are expected to be in a 'calm' state,it will provide us a good chance to perform VLF ground-based radio observations.Anticipating such an opportunity,we built an agile VLF radio spectrum explorer co-located with the currently operational Mingantu Spectra Radio Heliograph(MUSER).The instrument includes four antennas operating in the VLF frequency range 1-70 MHz.Along with them,we employ an eight-channel analog and digital receivers to amplify,digitize and process the radio signals received by the antennas.We present in the paper this VLF radio spectrum explorer and the instrument will be useful for celestial studies of VLF radio emissions.     

Effect of source parameters on forward-directivity velocity pulse for vertical strike slip fault in half space

It has been found that the large velocity pulse is one of the most important characteristics of near-fault strong ground motions. Some statistical relationships between pulse period and the moment magnitude for near-fault strong ground motions have been established by Somerville （1998）; Alavi and Krawinkler （2000）; and Mavroeidis and Papageorgiou （2003）, where no variety of rupture velocity, fault depth, and fault distance, etc. were considered. Since near-fault ground motions are significantly influenced by the rupture process and source parameters, the effects of some source parameters on the amplitude and the period ofa forward-directivity velocity pulse in a half space are analyzed by the finite difference method combined with the kinematic source model in this paper. The study shows that the rupture velocity, fault depth, position of the initial rupture point and distribution of asperities are the most important parameters to the velocity pulse. Generally, the pulse period decreases and the pulse amplitude increases as the rupture velocity increases for shallow crustal earthquakes. In a definite region besides the fault trace, the pulse period increases as the fault depth increases. For a uniform strike slip fault, rupture initiating from one end of a fault and propagating to the other always generates a higher pulse amplitude and longer pulse period than in other cases.